For us to recall events, facts or processes, we have to commit them to memory. The process of forming a memory involves encoding, storing, retaining and subsequently recalling information and past experiences. Cognitive psychologist Margaret W. Matlin has described memory as the “process of retaining information over time.” Others have defined it as the ability to use our past experiences to determine our future path. When they are asked to define memory, most people think of studying for a test or recalling where we put the car keys. However, memory is essential in our everyday lives. We would not be able to function in the present or move forward without relying on our memory. How we form memories The process of encoding a memory begins when we are born and occurs continuously. For something to become a memory, it must first be picked up by one or more of our senses. A memory starts off in short-term storage. We learn how to tie our shoe, for example. Once we have the process down, it goes into our long-term memory and we can do it without consciously thinking about the steps involved. Important memories typically move from short-term memory to long-term memory. The transfer of information to long-term memory for more permanent storage can be happen in several steps. Information can be committed to long-term memory through repetition — such as studying for a test or repeatedly taking steps until walking can be performed without thinking — or associating it with other previously acquired knowledge, like remembering a new acquaintance Mrs. Emerald by associating her name with an image of the green jewel. Motivation is also a consideration, in that information relating to something that you have a keen interest in is more likely to be stored in your long-term memory. That's why someone might be able to recall the stats of a favorite baseball player years after he has retired or where a favorite pair of shoes was purchased. We are typically not aware of what is in our memory until we need to use that bit of information. Then we use the process of retrieval to bring it to the forefront when we need to use it. Again, much of this recall happens without having concentrate on it — particularly with common tasks such as shoe tying — but there are other types of memories that take more effort to bring to the forefront. Memory loss is often associated with aging, but there are a number of things that can trigger short- and long-term memory loss, including injury, medications and witnessing a traumatic event. Types of memory While experts have varying definitions for short-term memory, it is generally described as the recollection of things that happened immediately up to a few days. It is generally believed that five to nine items can be stored in active short-term memory and can be readily recalled. Patients who suffer from can't remember who walked into the room five minutes before, but can remember their childhood friend from 50 years ago. Is sometimes referred to as unconscious memory or automatic memory. Implicit memory uses past experiences to remember things without thinking about them. Musicians and professional athletes are said to have superior ability to form procedural memories., which is a subset of implicit memory, is a part of the long-term memory responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills. You don't have to delve into your memory to recall how to walk each time you take a step. Some examples of procedural memory: • Playing piano • Ice skating • Playing tennis • Swimming • Climbing stairs While implicit memory requires little if any effort to recall, — sometimes referred to as declarative memory — requires a more concerted effort to bring the surface. Declarative memory involves both semantic and episodic memory. While most people can tick off the days of the week from the time they are in grade school — which is implicit memory — it takes explicit memory to remember that your mother's birthday is next Wednesday. Is not connected to personal experience. Semantic memory includes things that are common knowledge, such as the names of states, the sounds of letters, the capitals of countries and other basic facts that are not in question. Some examples of semantic memory include: • Knowledge that the sky is blue • Knowing how to use a knife and fork • Remembering what dog is • Recalling that President Kennedy was assassinated on Nov. 22, 1963 is a person's unique recollections of a specific event or an episode. People are usually able to associate particular details with an episodic memory, such as how they felt, the time and place, and other particulars. It is not clear as to why some memories of events in our lives are committed to memory, while others don't get recorded, but researchers believe that emotions play a critical role in what we remember. Some examples of episodic memory: • Where you were and the people you were with when you found out about the Challenger space shuttle disaster • Your beach vacation last summer • The first time you traveled by plane • Your first day at a new job • The restaurant you went to on your first date with your spouse Related: • • • • •. The Encyclopedia of Human Memory has been created to present the information at a more basic level, as much as possible, while preserving accuracy of content. The entries in this work cover basic concepts in human memory, such as sensory memory, short-term memory and working memory, long- term memory, and. Start studying Chapter 7- Three Basic Memory Tasks or Retrieval. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 10 * - - - 1 O -6 1 O *. Memory 2 basic code 2 E./No in CE memory 4 basic code|||||||| 2 E||No in dB 1 O Q - 4. Memory 3 basic code O 1 2 3 E, No in CE memory 5 basic code O 3 2 E||No in dB Fig. Class B: burst error probabilities. The solid lines show (from top to bottom) simulation results for ms = 1024,4096,. After information enters the brain, it has to be stored or maintained. To describe the process of storage, many psychologists use the three-stage model proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. According to this model, information is stored sequentially in three memory systems: sensory memory, short-term memory.
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Full Specifications What's new in version 2.0 Version 2.0 adds e-mail subject filter, set up reminders directly from Outlook, and import existng appointments. General Publisher Publisher web site Release Date May 27, 2009 Date Added May 27, 2009 Version 2.0 Category Category Subcategory Operating Systems Operating Systems Windows XP/Vista Additional Requirements Microsoft.NET Framework 2.0 Download Information File Size 7.61MB File Name 6Alert6_2003_V2.zip Popularity Total Downloads 39 Downloads Last Week 1 Pricing License Model Free to try Limitations 30-day trial Price $12. Von 6Alert6 ist ein Anzeige und Alarmzusatz für Microsoft Outlook 2003 und 2007. Es schickt Ihnen und Ihr Contacts Telefon, Textanzeige, IM, email und Telefax Outlook Verabredungen, Aufgaben und Inbox Alarme nach. Inbox Alarm kann vom email Absender und dem Thema gefiltert werden. Sie können vorhandene Verabredungen in 6Channel6.com manuell importieren, ohne sie wieder einzutragen. Sie können Telefon, Textanzeige, IM, email und Telefaxdie anzeigen direkt von Outlook auch verursachen, und lassen sie in 6Channel6.com automatisch speichern. Vollständige Spezifikationen Was in der Version neu ist 2,0 Version 2,0 addiert E-mail vorbehaltlichen Filter, verabredete oben Anzeigen direkt von Outlook und Import existng Termine. Allgemein Herausgeber Herausgeber Website Veröffentlichungsdatum 27. Mai 2009 Hinzufügedatum 27. Mai 2009 Version 2,0 Kategorie Kategorie Unterkategorie Betriebssysteme Betriebssysteme Windows XP / Vista Zusätzliche Anforderungen Microsoft.NET Framework 2,0 Downloadinformationen Dateigröße 7,61 MB Dateiname 6Alert6_2003_V2.zip Beliebtheit Gesamtanzahl der Downloads 39 Der letzten Woche 1 Preis Lizenzmodell Kostenlose Testausgabe Beschränkungen 30-Tage-Testversion Preis 12 €. Veröffentlichungsnummer US6 A1 Publikationstyp Anmeldung Anmeldenummer US 12/511,938 Veröffentlichungsdatum 3. 2011 Eingetragen 29. Juli 2009 Prioritätsdatum 29. Juli 2009 Veröffentlichungsnummer 12511938, 511938, US 20 A1, US 2011/029616 A1, US 6 A1, US 6A1, US A1, US A1, US-A1-6, US-A1-, US20A1, US2011/029616A1, US6 A1, US6A1, US A1, USA1 Erfinder, Ursprünglich Bevollmächtigter, Zitat exportieren,, (10), (52), (4) Externe Links:. A system and method for providing an auto-reply message in response to an incoming message sent from a message sending device and delivered by a unified messaging service as an email encoded with information about the sending device's type and address. The incoming messages may be coming from email, fax, phone, text message, instant message, MMS, TV, or other communication devices. The auto-reply function of this invention is capable of replying to the messages regardless of what type of message sending device is used. The system is preferably implemented by integrating the new technologies of unified messaging service and unified message delivery service with the email tool, and by employing the new design methodology of cloud computing. Unified messaging services deliver email, fax, and voice message into email inbox. They are gaining popularity these days. Some examples of unified messaging services in use are: Microsoft Exchange 2010 (fax, phone, and email to inbox), eFax (fax to email), Vonage (voice mail to email), and txtForward (text message to email). Such services have made it more convenient for users to manage and retrieve a diverse array of incoming messages by centralizing the incoming messages to the users' email inbox regardless of the original medium of the message (fax, voice message or email). For instance, some email clients (such as MS Outlook and IBM Lotus Notes) and web mails (such as Gmail) have an out-of-office email auto-reply feature. After the auto-reply switch is turned on, when someone sends in an email, the sender will receive an automatic email reply. But this auto-reply function is currently limited to email only, i.e., the email system can only handle incoming email messages, not fax, voice message, or messages coming from other types of devices such as text message, instant message, and TV. Moreover, the email auto-reply system can only reply by email, not by fax, phone, text message, instant message, or TV. Thus, in one aspect, the present invention discloses a method for providing an auto-reply message to an incoming message originating from a device and delivered by a unified messaging service as an email, wherein the email is encoded with information about the type and address of the device. Methods in accordance with embodiments of the present invention generally include the steps of: parsing the email to obtain information about the sending device's type and address; building an auto-reply delivery request for a unified message delivery service based on the information; and sending the delivery request to the message delivery service. In another aspect, the present invention also discloses a system for providing an auto-reply message to an incoming message originating from a device and delivered by a unified messaging service as an email, wherein said incoming email is encoded with information about the device's type and address. Systems in accordance with embodiments of the present invention generally include an incoming email processor configured for parsing the email to obtain the information; building an auto-reply delivery request for a unified message delivery service based on the information; and sending the delivery request to the unified message delivery service. The present invention extends the reach of auto-reply from email devices to other communication devices including phone, fax, text message (text), instant message (IM), TV, etc. In other words, the present invention extends the auto-reply from replying by email only, to replying by fax, phone, text, IM, TV, and other forms of communication. Systems and devices that use methods in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are capable of auto-replying to whichever device a message is sent. More recently, 6Channel6's unified inbox alert—6Alert6—went into production. 6Alert6 intercepts an incoming email from Outlook inbox, and through a web service API call, relays the email subject and body to 6Channel6.com, together with the information of the devices that user selected for receiving the alert. 6Channel6.com then delivers the email to the devices. The email subject and body are sent as plain text to a text, email, fax, or IM device, and spoken out over the phone by text-to-speech. While keeping the simplicity of traditional out-of-office email auto-reply, the present invention extends the auto-reply function from only replying back to the sender's email device, to other types of devices including fax, phone, text message, instant message, TV, etc. To the inventor's best knowledge, this is first instance that the new technologies of unified messaging services and unified message delivery services are integrated with the traditional email tool by employing new design methodology cloud computing. (6) Alert 6 Air Piracy- Aircraft hijacking, sabotage or hostage situation. (7) Alert 7 Fire on Airport property. (8) Natural Disaster Incident Earthquake, flood, or weather event. (9) Hazardous Material Incident Any incident involving hazardous materials. (10) Airfield power Failure Incident Power failure on airfield b. Hello all, I am having a bit of trouble. Trying to read a text file with contents: 'trigger for the bot to see' 'alert for the bot to make for trigger' 'LOL' 'Laughing Out Loud' 'Hello' 'Hello world!' 'Hi there' 'Hello, how are you?' I am using using scanf_s. Human Voice Sound software free downloads and reviews at WinSite. Free Human Voice Sound Shareware and Freeware. 6Alert6 is a reminder and alert add-on for Microsoft Outlook 2003 and 2007. It forwards Outlook's appointments, tasks, and Inbox alerts to you and your. 6Alert6 ist ein Anzeige und Alarmzusatz für Microsoft Outlook 2003 und 2007. Es leitet Outlook Verabredungen, Aufgaben weiter, und Inbox Alarme an Sie und Ihr. Email 105 is an email coming from a unified messaging service (not shown). The email is encoded with the type (device type) and the address (device address) of the device that generated the original message. The device type and address information are provided by the unified messaging service and are normally inserted into the email subject line in certain formats, such as “device type:device address” or “device type from device address”. Examples of device type and address are: “Fax:”, “fax from ”, “voice•mail:”, “text:”, “IM:msn:[email protected]”, “yahoo:dummyYahooId”, “TV:dummyid”, “TV:”, etc. However, the encoding of the format is not particularly limited. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that any suitable format may be used so long as the required information is encoded. If the general auto flag is on, incoming email processor 106 will parse the sender's device type and device address from the “return/from address” field and the “subject/body” field of email 105 (step 204). The email processor will then check to see if the individual auto-reply flag for the sender's device type (of user preferences 102) is on (step 205). For example, if the sender's device type is fax, email processor 106 will then check to see if the fax auto-reply flag is on. If the sender's device type is phone, then it will check the phone auto-reply flag. Similar procedures will be carried out for all known device types. Next, if the individual auto-reply flag for the sender's device type is on, incoming email processor 106 will build a delivery request 107. The delivery request 107 will incorporate information based on the auto-reply message of user preferences 102, the sender's device type, and the sender's device address. It may also optionally incorporate other data (such as user id and password) required by the unified message delivery service to be used, in the format defined by the delivery service (step 207). Patentzitate Zitiertes Patent Eingetragen Veröffentlichungsdatum Antragsteller Titel * 23. 2009 Aol Llc Personalized auto-reply messages based on categories * 8. Juli 2002 Rhoda Yaker Automatic processing of incoming email and voice mail messages * 11. Juli 2003 27. 2005 Arvind Kumar Method, apparatus and system for configuring automated responses to email messages * 18. März 2005 Sbc Knowledge Ventures, L.P. Intelligent email detection and auto replay email technique * 29. März 2005 20. 2005 Web.De Ag Voice messaging system with e-mail reply * 23. Juni 2005 11. 2007 Research In Motion Limited System and method for automatically responding to a received communication * 13. 2007 Research In Motion Limited System and method of sharing auto-reply information * 12. 2007 Alcatel Lucent Method of providing an automatic reply message * 3. 2009 Research In Motion Limited System and method for automatically responding to a message sent to a user at an email server * 18. 2009 Banerjee Dwip N Triggering a communication system to automatically reply to communications. Referenziert von Zitiert von Patent Eingetragen Veröffentlichungsdatum Antragsteller Titel 8. 2013 Yagi Corp. Enforced unitasking in multitasking systems * 15. März 2010 10. 2015 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Call-handling rules * 9. Juni 2015 Yagi Corp. Context-sensitive auto-responder 30. 2015 Elwha Llc Computational systems and methods for disambiguating search terms corresponding to network members 27. 2015 Elwha Llc Computational systems and methods for identifying a communications partner 2. 2015 Elwha Llc Computational systems and methods for identifying a communications partner 9. 2015 Elwha Llc Computational systems and methods for linking users of devices 14. März 2013 24. 2015 Elwha, Llc Computational systems and methods for anonymized storage of double-encrypted data 21. März 2011 16. 2016 Apple Inc. Device access using voice authentication 10. 2016 Apple Inc. Intelligent automated assistant 2. Mai 2016 Apple Inc. Methods and apparatus for altering audio output signals 26. Mai 2016 Apple Inc. Intelligent automated assistant for TV user interactions 14. März 2013 30. 2016 Elwha Llc Computational systems and methods for double-encrypting data for subsequent anonymous storage 2. 2016 Elwha Llc Computational systems and methods for identifying a communications partner 6. 2016 Apple Inc. Handling speech synthesis of content for multiple languages 14. 2016 Elwha Llc Computational systems and methods for encrypting data for anonymous storage 12. März 2013 15. 2016 Apple Inc. Device, method, and user interface for voice-activated navigation and browsing of a document 17. 2017 Apple Inc. Mobile device having human language translation capability with positional feedback 9. Juni 2012 17. 2017 Apple Inc. Intelligent automated assistant 6. Juni 2014 28. 2017 Apple Inc. Unified ranking with entropy-weighted information for phrase-based semantic auto-completion 6. Juni 2014 11. 2017 Apple Inc. System and method for user-specified pronunciation of words for speech synthesis and recognition 4. 2017 Apple Inc. Intelligent text-to-speech conversion 13. 2017 Apple Inc. User profiling for voice input processing 5. Juni 2014 25. 2017 Apple Inc. System and method for detecting errors in interactions with a voice-based digital assistant 25. Mai 2017 Apple Inc. Caching apparatus for serving phonetic pronunciations 21. Mai 2017 Apple Inc. Fast, language-independent method for user authentication by voice 30. März 2016 30. Mai 2017 Apple Inc. Intelligent automated assistant for TV user interactions 25. Mai 2017 Apple Inc. Social reminders 17. Juni 2017 Elwha Llc Computational systems and methods for regulating information flow during interactions 7. Juli 2017 Apple Inc. Unit-selection text-to-speech synthesis using concatenation-sensitive neural networks 13. März 2013 11. Juli 2017 Facebook, Inc. Techniques for a custom short message service center 12. Juli 2017 Apple Inc. Disambiguating heteronyms in speech synthesis 30. Juli 2017 Apple Inc. Reducing the need for manual start/end-pointing and trigger phrases * 13. März 2013 25. Juli 2017 Facebook, Inc. Techniques for validating a delivery channel 31. 2017 Apple Inc. Competing devices responding to voice triggers 7. 2017 Elwha Llc Computational systems and methods for linking users of devices 22. 2017 Apple Inc. Predictive text input 13. März 2013 12. 2017 Facebook, Inc. Techniques for determining and communicating presence 28. 2017 Apple Inc. Text prediction using combined word N-gram and unigram language models 25. 2017 Apple Inc. Text correction processing 28. 2017 Apple Inc. Method and apparatus for discovering trending terms in speech requests * 15. März 2010 15. 2011 Microsoft Corporation Call-handling rules * 4. 2012 Tikl, Inc. Cross-media, cross-channel, cross-protocol, and cross-network capable autoreply within a single application * 21. 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Find stories, updates and expert opinion. GERMAN WW2 NAZI RING EAGLE SWASTIKA #14. 5, 0, $17.99, 59d 21h +. 708242521 GERMAN WW2 HONOR RING ELITE SOLDIERS TOTENKOPF. 2, 0, $79.99, 24d 18h +. 700378450 Luftwaffe Eagle Ring Nazi Swastika German WW2. 24, 0, $29.00, 5d 6h +. 710463421 GERMAN WW2 RING SS ANTI PARTISAN. This is a genuine H Himmler Totenkopf honor ring awarded only by Himmler to outstanding officers that had to wear it on the ring finger of their left hand. It is certified by the undisputed expert in the field, Don Boyle, and comes with over 75 pgs from the National Archives as well as his certification. The ring is a summer. When I first viewed this video I thought it was for the most part repetitious of part 2, but that was shortly after viewing part 2. When I went back to it a couple of days later to make the caps that accompany this review I realized that taken alone, this was probably the best of the three parts. To start with, half the video is Luna spread-eagled on the buzzsaw bed and I can't get enough of her screaming for help and writhing around. Not only does she have a dynamite body but I can't think of another actress who does a GIMP better. Scenes this long usually make me restless but not in this case, mostly because of Luna but also because the production values and camerawork are excellent and having the scene interspersed with shots of Galas struggling in her cage with Luna’s screaming in the background enhances the final effect. And of course there is the girl-on-girl scene in the middle which is very much to my taste. So if your tastes run to what I have outlined above, you will agree with my A+. If not, I think you will rate it highly anyway. 1336) Covers. Silvio Dante said: Regarding the inside illo posted just below.the cover artwork for this issue was a classic. Why aren't we seeing that? Going by Cover's replies to similar questions in the past, I believe he's said that he has these spread all over his machine in various folders, and the posting of these images is pretty random depending on what folder he's in at the time, so I doubt that much thought went into it. ====== @ Esso - Good review of part 3, and enjoyed the screen caps. Still not gonna buy either parts 2 or 3, but enjoyed your expanded synopses of them. I get that you may enjoy the lesbian kissing, but I assure you, that would be the portion I'd be skipping over to get back to the GIMP action. Howie 1344) Covers. Silvio Dante said: Regarding the inside illo posted just below.the cover artwork for this issue was a classic. Why aren't we seeing that? Howie said: Going by Cover's replies to similar questions in the past, I believe he's said that he has these spread all over his machine in various folders, and the posting of these images is pretty random depending on what folder he's in at the time, so I doubt that much thought went into it. Actually, I am posting two different series, one scan each day. I was specifically asked for John Duillo interiors. I have a folder dedicated to Man's Adventure Magazines, and I ran a search for all of files with 'Duillo' in the filename. I am posting the decent size examples of these interiors in alphabetical order, which seems pretty random because of the mostly meaningless filenames. My MAM Cover of the Day posts only include covers that are on-topic for this group and they are alphabetical. As you can see, I am up to 'Battle Cry May 1966'. I use this naming format because so many of the scans I find are not properly named, but I can always read the title and month off the covers, which makes it much easier to match up duplicate scans. Since Silvio requested it, here is Man's Book Dec 1965 V4 No6 for Silvio Dante.jpg I personally don't think this cover is particularly classic. I find the posing too static, and the GIMP's expression shows only mild concern. Plus, her outfit isn't ripped at all. But as this forum shows us, everyone sees something different. 1345) Covers. Time for a few scattered thoughts from Scourge's often demented brain: I do love those old magazine covers and contents whenever they become available. Thanks for the efforts that go into posting them. One of my oldest eye openers to those things that we enjoy and share here was as a boy leafing through a magazine in a drug store with a story of women being hunted for sport. A passage in a story in a men's magazine many years later that has stuck with me the longest was about a young red haired Polish woman who was ever so slowly being lowered into a flaming pit. Her body gleaming with sweat, her legs thrashing as she desperately tried in vain to raise them from the hellish heat, the woman screamed loudly as a whip cracked over and over against her soft flesh. Wow, I would LOVE to see that one again! On the subject of the format here, I would love to be able to keep some type of chronology yet at the same time be able to directly respond to other postings in a thread. I would also like the ability to post more than one pic or piece of art. Understandably, there needs to be some type of limitation as to the total size allowed to be posted. My apologies for my lack of involvement at the various groups I have helped to operate over the years at Google Groups and the one at Yahoo Groups, Scarlet Nightmares. I am still out there and I still have my interest in the subject, but for various reasons I have taken a major step back. Lastly, on the subject of Net Neutrality, we can do our best to make a fuss with the FCC and Congress (obviously on a more general basis and not because of our concern that porn--or our particular kinks--could be tougher or more expensive to come by) and promote the freedom that the net has long been known for or merely hope for the best. But as the song goes from the Mel Brooks film The Twelve Chairs. 'Hope for the best, expect the worst!' 1348) Ralphus. Well, at any rate, I'm glad you liked this one. Your positive attitude regarding lesbian lovin' likely raised the grade a bit more, although like a few others, I can do without that stuff. Nonetheless, I happen to find Luna Vera very attractive, and seeing her as a GIMP is the reason I would check this one out. Without having seen the film myself, I like that there appears to be a fair amount of suspense throughout the buzzsaw scene, and they give you the option of seeing Luna rescued (Boo!) along with the alternate ending where she gets the buzzsaw between the legs (Yay!) I like the concept of this Deathtrap Films company. Damsels in distress is one of those tried and true classic themes, although personally, the lack of a payoff has always seemed like a big tease to sadistic pervs like myself when the 'good guy' comes to the rescue over and over again. Not that I mind all the foreplay of the damsel being tied and struggling as the (buzzsaw, train, fire, you name it) comes closer and closer, but once in a while, I want to see her actually die. In a particularly bad way. It's not politically correct, and I couldn't care less. NicheClips hosts clips for a crapload of producers, and it seems like damn near every one of them features women getting killed. So obviously, there's a bunch of us out there who like the same thing. The direct link for your latest review is here: ------------------------- Duillo of the Day: (Post 1337): Like a few others, I want to read that story, too. I'll see if Sloth has the magazine and we'll put that on our list of upcoming projects to restore. SOFT FLESH FOR FRANCE'S MONSTER OF AGONY? Looks awesome. And that Duillo illustration is fantastic. I have to admit, I never knew who he was before Covers started to post the daily samplings, but his stuff is really great. BTW, what do people think of the new Men's Adventure Stories section? Does anybody actually read the stories, or do you mainly just look at the pictures? I admit the writers aren't exactly Eda Chang, and I wish the GIMPy aspects of the stories went into more detail, especially considering the lurid subject matter. But on the other hand, there's usually at least a few sections of the stories that arouse my attention, and they've all been short enough that they're worth a quick read. ------------------------- J. Scourge wrote: A passage in a story in a men's magazine many years later that has stuck with me the longest was about a young red haired Polish woman who was ever so slowly being lowered into a flaming pit. Her body gleaming with sweat, her legs thrashing as she desperately tried in vain to raise them from the hellish heat, the woman screamed loudly as a whip cracked over and over against her soft flesh. Wow, I would LOVE to see that one again! I would love to read that for the first time! The problem is, what magazine was it? Sloth has 600 or so of these gems. Does it sound familiar to anyone? We can do requests if we can find the right issue. You also wrote: On the subject of the format here, I would love to be able to keep some type of chronology yet at the same time be able to directly respond to other postings in a thread. I would also like the ability to post more than one pic or piece of art. Understandably, there needs to be some type of limitation as to the total size allowed to be posted. We'll put you down as a vote for 'threaded'. BTW, you can post multiple pictures right now; obviously Esso embedded several in his review. You just need someone to host the pictures, preferably one that accepts adult content. If you can't find anyone, I can always do it for you on Ralphus.net. Just send 'em to me via e-mail and I'll send you back the code. I'm always happy to help out. 1349) Obiwan. Does anyone here remember a website called straythoughts.com? They used to have videos as well as stories and original content as well. It went down a few years ago with no warning. They had authors with some great stories on that site. Archived content is still there - [] I would like to contact some of the authors, in particular Laura N and Lisi. As far as I'm aware this is the only place their work was published. If anyone knows how to get in touch with them, or the webmaster, it'd be appreciated. 1350) Covers. Ralphus: That Fiery GIMP peril MAM you are seeking. It was a fairly common theme in those mags, but one I remember very fondly is the one I posted the painting image for back in post 335. Covers posted the actual cover scan in post 371. Actually I posted an interior image that also was a story with fiery peril, post 321, which I also recall reading. But I think post 371 is the best match for the scene described. Man's Story was one of the late entries to the MAM world. As they were more 70's period, they were pushing the MAM boundries as far as possible in those stories. Another great digest sized mag was Shocking Tales (I believe). I remember these didn't have the usual two bdsm stories (as the mag format did), but 3 or even 6 bdsm stories. Cover or anyone have those? I've seen them on ebay, but always $70 or more!!! I'm not switching my vote to threaded post, but a search feature might be nice. It took forever to find these old posts! Search by poster; search for text; etc. I think that would be nice to add sometime. ~Dan 1353) Esso. Ralphus: re BuzzSaw Butchers 3. The buzzsaw scene looks hot, but after that is a bunch of lesbian stuff, which usually bores me silly. And yet you give it an A+? Okay, what's the catch? As I said in the review, if your tastes don't run to mine you might not give it an A+ but still give it a high rating. There are actually two buzz saw scenes, one preceding the girl/girl and one after. The second is a reprise of the first but with much different shots and of course a one minute more satisfying ending. Perhaps the catch is I liked the lesbian scene as an intermission and think that Luna sold her torture amazingly well; or I put a very high premium on verisimilitude, maybe more than most. BTW, if I were to put a rating on the entire series of 3 films I would give it a B+ and have serious qualms about paying about $60. 1354) Reine Margot. Today we celebrate Amy's birthday! And we have a of Maleficarum. Here is the closing comment in the review. I will have the entire review, translated to English, in a future post. It will be illustrated too. En tout cas, il apparaît que Jac Avila et Amy Hesketh forment un duo atypique dans le monde du cinéma, qu'il sera bon de suivre, et dont on peut attendre d'autres surprises dans un proche avenir.' (In any case, it appears that Jac Avila and Amy Hesketh form a unique duo in the world of cinema, it will be good to follow them, one can expect more surprises in the near future.) We're just a less than two weeks away from the production of the last part of Olalla. It promises to be a great time. I'll have pictures, anecdotes and we'll be showing some making of clips. I have to mention too, that we're gearing for the big production values movie Justine. It's such a complex movie, with tons of extras, amazing locations and sadean scenes galore. And there are a couple of surprises too. So, I'll have more to say soon. 1355) Ralphus. Sloth is a notorious firebug; I'll bet he'll have that issue, thanks. --------------------------------------- You also wrote: I'm not switching my vote to threaded post, but a search feature might be nice. It took forever to find these old posts! Search by poster; search for text; etc. I think that would be nice to add sometime. We already have a search feature. It's called, um. Search the GIMP. We've had it for at least 4 years now. I don't know exactly what it was you were searching for, but it's a pretty good search engine. It can search for anything we've had posted over the past 15 years. Even better than that, since we've been here at the new location, you actually can do a search for everything posted here since February, by name, by text, whatever. It's right above where the posts start, on the right side. For instance, search messages for 'buzzsaw butchers' and everything pops up all at once, currently 18 entrees in the thread. Search by name for 'dan hawke' and it will show all your posts, currently 20 so far. Do the same search for 'ralphus' and it will bring up all 75 of mine. So basically, for those who voted for 'threaded' in the poll question, I can counter that we technically already have a threaded forum, sort of, if you want to use it that way. 1356) Covers. Ralphus said: Damsels in distress is one of those tried and true classic themes, although personally, the lack of a payoff has always seemed like a big tease to sadistic pervs like myself when the 'good guy' comes to the rescue over and over again. Trust me, I PROMISE, there's no good guy coming to the rescue in this one. Review of: Deadly Interrogation III Producer: MORE PKF STUDIOS [] Starring: Nicole Oring & Max Coxxx Directed by: John Marshall Price: $20.00 Runtime: 32 Minutes. Commissioned by GIMP site regular: Fritz Okay, right off the bat, this one is gonna be too brutal for some of you in here. That I PROMISE, but I fucking LOVED it! Just picked it up yesterday, and was so taken with it I had to do a review. So if it's not your thing, well then, I don't know what to tell ya. Skip past this post. Hard as that may be given the length. The video opens with a voice over from Nicole talking about how she's been hired for $10,000.00 to steal some computer files from her work and she's there after hours to get the job done. She then saunters into frame wearing a SKIN TIGHT white dress. She's an incredible looking Asian woman with big beautiful tits practically bursting through her outfit and long luxurious black hair. We get to watch as she sits down at a computer and intently starts looking for the files she needs. She gives him her ID number and he calls it in while keeping his gun trained on her pretty head. After a short phone conversation, he hangs up and tells her that the ID checked out, but her office is on another floor, so in his words: 'What the FUCK are you doing here?!?' He then cracks her on the head with his gun to show he means business. She instantly begins pleading with him that she was told to come here and get some files as a favor. Max isn't buying it and gives her another good crack to the skull, sending her careening to the floor. He wastes no time, and cuffs both of her hands behind her back. All the while Nicole is pleading for him to stop. On a side note, the acting from both Max and Nicole is FANTASTIC here and throughout the entire film. I'm not kidding. Max plays this with just the right amount of cold detachment, and Nicole is a good enough actress that she could probably be in actual films, because she sells all her emotions and dialog like it's really happening. There isn't a single sour note in either of their performances. Anyhow, Nicole continues to plead that she's telling the truth and that she's done nothing wrong. Max is so frustrated by this, he actually moves the desk to give himself more room, and then begins kicking her in the stomach over and over while screaming: 'You ready to tell the fucking truth?!?' This is where John Marshall's finely honed directing skills come into play, because he expertly films this beating by not ever actually showing any contact between Max's military boots and Nicole's gorgeous stomach. As we all can attest, trying to show that RARELY comes off good, because 99 times out of 100 it's blatantly obvious how fake it is. Not here because John uses angles and camera jerks at just the right moments, so between that and the sound of Nicole's pitch perfect grunting and crying with every foot fall, the scene comes off INCREDIBLY believable, and HOT AS FUCK!!!! As Max continues to kick the Hell out of the exquisitely squirming a screaming Nicole, her dress begins to ride up revealing her perfect ass and MOUTHWATERING pussy. Max even stops the beating for a moment when this happens to admire how incredible it looks. He's right back to it in moments though, as he begins kicking and stomping on her from the other side. All the while Nicole is grunting, screaming, and crying with every blow, and I gotta say, if you're into this type of material, and you don't have a raging hard on by this point from the sound of Nicole's screaming alone, well then, you're not really into this type of material, because I couldn't get enough of it!!! Eventually Max picks her up off the floor, throws her against the wall, points his gun into her left tit, and screams: 'TALK!!' She cries back that she already told him everything and if he doesn't believe her, he can go to Hell. Well, as you can imagine, that doesn't go over well with Max, who begins beating her the good old fashioned way, with his fists. Ya gotta love a good old fashioned. Once again, perfectly filmed by John Marshall with cuts, camera jumps, and Nicole's SMOKING hot yelling all edited together masterfully. It's not long before Nicole can't take anymore of this, and slump to the floor, with her gorgeous snatch still tantalizingly exposed. Max doesn't pause to admire this time though. He quickly puts his gun in her mouth and waits a few moments for the horror of the situation to wash over Nicole. He then gives her one last good crack on the skull with the butt of his gun knocking her out cold to the floor. DID I MENTION HOW FUCKING HOT NICOLE IS THROUGHOUT ALL OF THIS, AND WE'RE ONLY 6 MINUTES INTO A 30 MINUTE MOVIE AT THIS POINT!!! Max then drags her off, and we fade to an exterior shot of a warehouse he's taken her to. The next shot is inside Max's personal torture lab, and he's already firmly tied the recently beaten unconscious Nicole's feet to a chair, and secured her hands to ropes attached to a frame above her designed for just this purpose. Nicole is still out, and the camera admires her from various angles as we hear Max in the background on the phone telling someone he just caught her spying, and he doesn't know what she was looking for yet. He then picks up one of two syringes containing adrenalin to wake her up and keep her alert, and delivers it into her left tit. She's still so out of it that she barely responds to the needle. Max hangs back for a few moments while she becomes lucid. The camera again shows the stunning Nicole from various angles as the haze in her head clears, and she eventually comes to and realizes the situation she's in. She starts yelling at Max to let her go, and that she's gonna file a lawsuit against this place as soon as she gets out of here. Like that's gonna work) Max calls her a cunt and tells her she's not going anywhere followed by some more good old fashioned fist work to the head and body, while asking her what she was looking for. I just want to point out, as the above photos show, while this is graphic enough to get the point of what's happening across, it doesn't become so graphic as to seem totally real. Only real enough to pass the illusion to your head and penis that something EXTREMELY FUCKING WONDERFUL is happening in front of you, and how much you can't wait to see what comes next, and hot damn, what comes next is FAN-FUCKING-TASTIC!!!! So after Max finishes taking time with her fingers, and she still hasn't told him anything other then to scream 'STOP', he tells her she may be thinking her fingers will heal eventually. He says: 'Maybe I need to inflict a little permanent damage. Something that's NEVER GONNA GROW BACK!' She continues weeping as Max places the pliers on Nicole's gorgeous right nipple. He holds it there for a moment, and then begins to slowly SQUEEZE! This is an INCREDBILE effect that John Marshall pulled off on this shot, because it looks fucking AMAZING. The camera stays on Nicole's tit and blood begins squirting through her shirt and over the pliers and down her chest. I only counted two quick camera cut always that you barely notice, one being to her face. Of course the AMAZING music coming out of Nicole's mouth as this is happening has to be heard to be believed. As I said, she truly is a really good actress, and she sells this scene from the bottom of her soul, SCREAMING LIKE MAD!!! Good lord, I could listen to her scream for days!!! So, right when you think the special effects couldn't get any better, YANK!!!! OFF COMES HER RIGHT NIPPLE! So after my refractory period was over, I came back, and Max isn't done with the pliers yet. Nope, her left nipple is still awaiting its treatment, and what a wonderful rinse and repeat this was! This one is just as, if not more impressive than the last one, because this time he doesn't just squeeze the pliers, he twists them as well, and it's really incredible to behold. Nicole's screaming gets even MORE shrill than before, and blood begins a slow trickle to a fast stream as the pliers do their wonderful work, and then, as the last time YANK! OFF COMES HER FUCKING NIPPLE!!! Fuck, this is a wonderful movie. Any guess what my final score is gonna be? So Max lets her sit and cry for a few moments as the camera allows us to admire his handy works. You gotta respect a guy who know how to use tools this well. Then, right when Nicole thinks it can't get any worse, Max shows her yet another sensitive area the pliers are just itching to go, which of course is right between her legs, and HOT DAMN her reaction doesn't disappoint. The screams start coming, the blood begins flowing, and not just on screen if you know what I'm saying! This is finally all Nicole can take, and she passes out from the ordeal. But not for long. After a quick fade to black, we come back and Max has FIRMLY secured the unconscious Nicole to an X-Frame. Her feet are held in place by metal rods placed around her ankles and her wrists are tightly tied to a cable that can be manually tightened behind her, but more on that in a moment. Max has also thankfully taken the time to shred her dress even more so we can get a better look at what's still on offer from Nicole. Of course he left her sexy high heel shoes on because that's what anyone in their right mind would do. Max then takes this quiet time to prove how absolutely right minded these PKF films are, because he use's a pair of scissors to cut away even more of Nicole's dress. As my motto says, 'Get'em naked, or don't waste my time.' Hat's off to you PKF. Brings a tear to my eye. And other stuff as well. Kick & SCREAM she does. I swear, if PKF released an MP3 of just Nicole screaming, I'd buy it because she's so fucking AMAZING at it. She just keeps shrieking: 'I DON'T KNOW ANYTHING! I DON'T KNOW ANYTHING!' Eventually Max decides it's time to move on, and he hits a switch that slowly raises the X-Beam so Nicole is closer to standing than laying down. Time for the next round of fun! As Max so eloquently puts it: 'Time to cauterize those wounds. We wouldn't want you bleeding to death, now would we?' He really is a caring guy. So HOT IRON time it is! Again, the special effects here are OUT STANDING! From the orange glow of the metal, to the smoke rising off Nicole's cooking flesh, this is the cock throbbingly WONDERFUL stuff we all pay to see done SO well in PKF productions, and this scene doesn't fall short in the least. Now, I know I've gone on AT LENGTH about what an AMAZING screamer Nicole is, but I'm not kidding here, she actually cranks it up EVEN FURTHER in this scene. I'm betting she had a sore throat for weeks after this because, fucking CHRIST, can that girl SSSSSSCCCCCRRRRREEEEEEAAAAMMMMMMM, and that sound goes RIGHT to your penis!! Hell, I wish I could take her scream and manifest it into raw material and make my bed out of it so I curl up and sleep in it every night. Okay, that didn't make any sense, but YOU KNOW WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT!! And the SCREAMING and burning continues!! So, as always, all good things must come to an end. Nicole once again passes out from all the fun Max was having. Kind of inconsiderate of her, huh? But what to do now? Max already used both the adrenaline shots. How do we continue this wonderful show and make sure Nicole is awake to YELL HER FUCKING HEAD OFF and GET OUR DICKS HARD? Well, remember Max is a guy who's prepared for any situation. So if you don't have any spare adrenaline, just beat the fuck out of her with a pipe! See, how easy and fun that problem was to solve?!? Of course we can't have her limping away on one leg, so Max makes sure to take the other one out as well, and then begins flailing away with the hammer on her torso as well, leaving bloody marks all across this amazing canvas! WHAT AN ARTIST THIS FUCKING GUY IS!! Again, this is ALL done with very clever editing and camera work by John Marshall. You never see a single blow land, but with the hammer on flesh sound and the way the camera moves, coupled with the ever present wailing of Nicole, perfectly timed to each hammer fall, the scene is WONDERFULLY fun and SMOKING FUCKING HOT!!! Eventually, Max gives her a crack on the head, and then reigns down a few more blows on her torso with the hammer. That quiets her down a little, but Max has another tool sure to illicit more of those cock hardening screams from Nicole. Sure, anyone can stab someone with a knife, but why be so clean about it when you can be like Max and use a long blunt Phillips head screwdriver instead? So Max then makes one last stab with the screwdriver right through Nicole's right tit, and has some fun shaking it around while it's still in there. When he's finished with that, he goes back yet again to one of the old stand by's, and strangles her with his bare hands. That's just fun good for everyone! Now that Nicole has departed Max gets on his phone and tells the Clean-up Crew they have a job to do. He hangs up and begins to untie her, but it turns out she's playing possum, because every now and then, she keeps opening her eyes when she doesn't think Max is looking. Max lifts her off the X-Frame and places what he thinks is her lifeless corpse on the ground and leaves the room. Nicole had seen Max put his cell phone on the table across the room and wastes no time pulling her naked battered body across the room to get to it, leaving a big trail of blood in her wake, and yes, that's just as amazing to watch as it sounds. After flailing away with her broken fingers, she finally manages to pull herself up to the phone, dials a number, and starts begging the person on the other end for help. Little did she realize that Max had crept back into the room, and he'll now have the phone number of the person who hired Nicole on his phone, so she truly has outlived her usefulness to Max at this point, but not for us, because Max is gonna make sure she goes out in proper PKF style. So first he cracks her on the skull with a wooden club to end her phone call. After Nicole crumbles to the ground, Max gives a few more kicks to those huge funbags on her chest for good measure, and then proceeds to strangle her to death. Not with his hands or even a rope, but with barbed fucking wire!! This time, he makes sure the job is REALLY done. This movie gets a fucking A+ from me. Hell, if there was a higher score than that, I'd give it. Everything about this flick is a home run. From John Marshall's directing and editing skills, to Max Coxxx's unwavering bad guy we all wish we were, to the fucking ASTOUNDING Nicole Oring! What a find she was for this film! She's strikingly gorgeous, actually has REAL acting ability, can and will SCREAM like no one's business, and on top of all that is willing to make fucked up movies like this one to satisfy perverted fucks like us. WHAT A WOMAN!! Howie 1370) Covers. Howie: Thanks for the great review of Deadly Interrogation III. Can't say you didn't warn us. Your review and the movie itself have all that this GIMPER could hope for --- except the particular peril that the young lady encountered. Personally I would have raped the crap out of her in lieu of the dismemberments but. That's just me. Other than that the movie has at least some semblance of a plot, a good-looking woman, hands behind the back (for awhile) and plenty of info about how to acquire the product. 1373) Dr Yuya. Howie: Excellent work on the review of Deadly Interrogation III. And the large caps are top notch. It's not hard to tell when you have found a film that you enjoy. I was OK with the length of the review but I don't share your enthusiasm for exclamation marks. They tend to remind of a wienie named Bondage Dave, who some of us used to argue with on another short-lived forum because he was always WRONG!!!! In any event, my take is the same as Dr. Nicole Oring is a stunner but I'm a GIMP Lightweight and this isn't really my kind of film. Nonetheless, I appreciate all your efforts putting the review together. 1375) Dan Hawke. Covers: Yep, that was the magazine, 'Shock Mystery Tales'. Because of the depth of content I always wondered if the stories were original or if they were reprints. However, out of the 100's of magazines I had at the time, all of the Shock Mystery Tales stories seemed unique to me. As I said, this was a digest size magazine, similar in size and style of Reader's Digest. If anyone has any of these actual mags (I think there were only 6-9 issues of this digest) I would love to see these MAM stories in the MAM section. Ralphus, I'm sure I noticed the search feature once upon a time, but didn't even recall it was there as I asked for it to be added!:/ duh. ~Dan' 1376) Silvio Dante. Yeah I also felt the review for the Nicole Oring movie was a little over enthusiastic and.assumptive. It's fairly obvious it is isn't a general thumbs up kind of film that will be collectively loved by everyone here because we're all 'sick fucks' who should be expected to eat stuff like this up. It's clearly very hardcore and niche and will have only an appropriately niche audience if anything. The review doesn't paint this picture at all. But I do realize.this IS all the reviewers opinion. No matter how presented, it adds something to the forum that's informative and wasn't here before.so it can only be a good thing. 1378) A Canadian. Yuya wrote: It's clearly very hardcore and niche and will have only an appropriately niche audience if anything. The review doesn't paint this picture at all. I can't say I agree with that. I thought it was pretty clear that this is a film for the mangle-heads. Actually, the fact that it was bankrolled by Fritz was the first clue. Perhaps I should add that my comment about the exclamation marks was very much tongue in cheek. Since Howie wasn't around in the Bondage Dave days ( unless he was lurking), he may not be familiar with that annoying goofball's ridiculous use of exclamation marks ( the number of exclamation marks would vary) at the end of almost every sentence he wrote. Here's my hope: Now that Rick is producing films again, maybe we'll see Nicole in a future ZFX film. That would be exciting. Dr Yuya said: Yeah I also felt the review for the Nicole Oring movie was a little over enthusiastic and.assumptive. It's fairly obvious it is isn't a general thumbs up kind of film that will be collectively loved by everyone here because we're all 'sick fucks' who should be expected to eat stuff like this up. It's clearly very hardcore and niche and will have only an appropriately niche audience if anything. The review doesn't paint this picture at all. Hmmm, I'm guessing you were a little over enthusiastic and.assumptive and just skipped that entire first paragraph of the review. Here, I'll re-post it again for you. Okay, right off the bat, this one is gonna be too brutal for some of you in here. That I PROMISE, but I fucking LOVED it! Just picked it up yesterday, and was so taken with it I had to do a review. So if it's not your thing, well then, I don't know what to tell ya. Skip past this post. Hard as that may be given the length. ============= @ Canadian - Yup, I actually was lurking then and got the reference. 1380) Thomas Chaser. I, for one, really enjoyed Howie's review of 'Deadly Interrogation 3' for a number of reasons. Gog said: Though a lot I've found are really good, an awful lot never really live up to the expectations. Glad you found one that hit's the spot for you. Couldn't agree more. All the stuff over on Nicheclips is SUPER hit or miss, and there are FAR more misses than hits. That's why this one really lit my bell, because it actually delivered on everything it promised, which as we know, isn't always the case, as a whole shit load of movies I have that I'll never watch again can attest to. This one however goes in the special FUCKING AMAZING folder, for me at least. ===== @ Thomas Chaser - Believe it or not, my instincts were actually correct. Not that she's been in any major films, but she actually has a pretty long IMDB page filled with B-Movies and TV shows. So no, she's not Meryl Streep, but she's got more actual acting credentials than most of the chicks over at Nicheclips, for sure. [] Ya, I wasn't crazy about the tats either, but I find some girls hot enough to pull them off, as long as they don't go INSANE with them, and her hotness overcame my annoyance of the tats in this case, but as with all things, your mileage may vary. Also, echoing both your and Canadians comments, I'd LOVE to see her in a ZFX flick. Hell, I'd watch her in just about anything at this point, but dam, I think that would be an outstanding match-up! Howie 1383) Ralphus. Howie: I really enjoyed reading your review of Deadly Interrogation III. Probably the most enthusiastic review I've read in a long time. One question though.what did you actually think of the movie? Was it good, bad, somewhere in between? Because I couldn't really tell. Maybe the refractory period comment might have been a clue, I dunno. I've seen the movie, and I agree, it's for a very limited audience. Fritz is the one behind it, that should be a clue it's going to be way over the top. This is the same guy who pays for disembowelment customs. I gave it a try, but it honestly didn't do anything for me. Nicole Oring is a pleasant-enough looking Asian woman, but I didn't like the tattoo over her pussy. If I were Max, I would have taken the hot iron and sizzled that part off in the first 5 minutes. But really bothered me was the huge amount of blood in this one, which got so bad it just became ridiculous after a while. No woman is going to still be pretty if it looks like she's swimming in barbeque sauce. I've said it before, but it holds true every time, and especially in a film like this. The key is distress, not mutilation. Here's the direct link for your latest review, maybe the first review you've written here in over 10 years: ----------------------------------------- TRG asked: Regarding your unnotated photo of the AT&T supervisor, is this a hint that you have a Jones for the fully-equipped Milana Vayntrub as GIMP? I have the hots for her, period. It's unlikely she'll ever do any kind of serious GIMPage; she's a comedic actress. But what's not to love? Sweet face, understated killer body, and that girl-next-door appeal that's very attractive. Plus that, she's funny! She's got dozens of humorous videos on YouTube. The following vid isn't really on-topic, but it made me laugh. Gimpers, two things of note from Newsoftheweird.com that you all might find of note. First, The Canadian Radio-television & Telecommunications Commission in March reprimanded three pornography broadcast stations -- not for excessively erotic fare, but for violating Canada's protectionist, patriotic rules requiring that at least 35 percent of all content be of Canadian origin. According to its notice, the 24-hour AOV Adult Movie Channel, XXX Action Clips and Maleflixxx were falling short of the 8 1/2 hours a day of north-of-the-border sex action (and, in an additional charge, were failing to provide enough closed captioning to accompany the 'Yeah's' and 'Oh, baby's'). [National Post, 3-5-2014] Second, From England: -- England's Stockport magistrates' court levied the equivalent of a $13,000 fine in March against Lorraine White, 41, who runs a part-time service as a dominatrix (chaining up and whipping 'bad' men) in a 'sex dungeon.' Her business is apparently perfectly legal; the citation was for violating fire codes because inspectors could not see how a client, being properly disciplined (handcuffed and chained), might escape the dungeon in the event of fire. [Manchester Evening News, 3-13-2014] Bureaucrats. 1386) Covers. Silvio Dante wrote: Regarding the men's magazine inside illos that have been posted, not all look like John Duillo's work. Some are certainly his, but others appear drawn by others, equally professional, of course. Duillo rarely signed his art, especially the inside illos. I really haven't studied Duillo's style versus his contemporaries to be able to spot his work on my own. I am dependent on the labeling of scans by others. At least I can do the math for Ralphus' AntiBot Test on my own. Non-Duillo of the Day: Battle Cry Sept 1958 interior.jpg 1387) Covers. Hi, All, Regarding 'Deadly Interrogation III'. I have to agree with Ralphus. There is too much 'action'; no human being would resist that without falling into a state of shock which would render him/her useless for the main purpose which is getting information. Unfortunately, I see that it is a common trait in the very few 'interrogation' clips around. All the 'DI' series have the same style; also 'The Serum' (of which one 'DI' seems to be an offshot). Real interrogation is much more restrained and self controlled (two guys blindingly hitting an AOH tied blonde with metal objects will most probably kill or render the subject useless fairly soon) I have seen the caps for a clip called 'Her Her Mud' which seems much more realistic (though it also ends with the customary strangling). When I write something I use to always make the 'over the top' check. And sometimes think the end result, though realistic, might be found a bit boring or plain. Regards, El Wananchi 1390) Sloth. Here's a new Arcas thing. Simple, but I just needed to open the throttle a little. And it's sorta-kinda for Bill K who always wants me to make 'em sweat I just finished up my Merrick story for BDSMartworks so I needed to dip my toes in slightly darker water. For those who don't like blood, just consider her a really messy eater of strawberry jelly sandwiches Howie, thanks for that great and enthusiastic review of DI3. I'm a fan of the series and this one seems to live up to the others. I'm not always into such gore, but once in a while I enjoy the 'over the top' stuff. Like reading a Zerns comic. Much appreciated. Again, happy B-Day and you don't look a day over 661 1392) Blakemore. Matt wrote: The Canadian Radio-television & Telecommunications Commission in March reprimanded three pornography broadcast stations -- not for excessively erotic fare, but for violating Canada's protectionist, patriotic rules requiring that at least 35 percent of all content be of Canadian origin. Ralphus said: what did you actually think of the movie? Was it good, bad, somewhere in between? Because I couldn't really tell. Maybe the refractory period comment might have been a clue, I dunno. Ha ha, go big or go home I always like to say. As far as the mutilation and blood are concerned in the film, I don't expect, nor would I want it to look totally real, and as I mentioned in the review, it didn't look real enough to gross me out, just enough to create a fantasy environment. I think the film does a WONDERFUL job of showing a fantasy scenario where a FABULOUS looking woman in placed in a completely helpless situation, and the hero of our tale gets to do to her what ever he pleases. Oh, and of course he gets her naked. That's very important to me, in case you haven't picked it up from the other 1,000 times I've typed it. I didn't feel the blood went to ridiculous levels at all, as I could admire Nicole's wonderful shape the whole time. Even her nipples being ripped off didn't actually affect anything from and aesthetic perspective for me, as all they did was apply some blood makeup to her nips. Her tits still looked mouth wateringly delicious the entire time, as I think the screen caps show. To me, these films are no different than the artwork from places like Drawing Palace or the photo's placed in here daily. It's all just fantasy. The only time I don't like excessive blood or gore in on of these flicks is when it gets to a point that it actually does obscure my view of the model, and in my opinion that never happened in this flick. Just good old GIMP action, the way I like it. Naked and helpless. Everything a growing penis needs. ========== @ El Wananchi - While I can appreciate your need for proper interrogation techniques, or the true limits of physical endurance, I don't think fantasy snuff films are really the place you should be expecting to see that. Not really the point. ================ @ Ralphus, I know you're probably gonna say it's something you picked up a long time ago, and don't know what it's from or even where you got it from, but I hope you know where this daily pic came from, because it looks hot as fuck! I'd LOVE to see more! Howie 1400) Howie. A Canadian: I wonder if anyone's told those bureaucrats that Vancouver, Toronto, or Montreal don't produce as much material as, say, L.A., Vegas, or Amsterdam, (to give three examples). Probably not. I did notice while watching Lingerie on Cinemax that this softcore show was produced 'with assistance from the Ontario film commission.' Wonder if they knew what the production was all about, and if they had second thoughts. A complaint about a song 25 years after it came out? Down here, the FCC wouldn't give a complaint about one word in the song the time of day. Howie: Based on your review, I gather you kind of enjoyed Deadly Interrogation III. I'm glad, not only because I wrote the damn thing, but because it's nice to know there are other GIMPers who appreciate the more intense videos like this one. For those who object to the content, bear in mind that DI3 is what it is because it's a commission. If I wanted to watch milquetoast fare (and BION sometimes I do) there is plenty available without me having to shell out over a grand to see it. On the other hand, if I want to watch Nicole Oring brutally interrogated for a half hour in a clip that features not only OTT tortures but also a modicum of storyline, I know I'm going to have to write the script and pay John M. To produce it. Quite some time ago I posted a screen cap of the hot iron scene, and the reaction was, shall we say less than enthusiastic. So the squickish response to your review by several of the locals is hardly a surprise. Still, as you astutely point out, the level of violence in DI3 is so extreme that it clearly positions the proceedings in the realm of fantasy – Nicole's ordeal is not “real”, nor was it meant to be. Again, in an earlier discussion I indicated that when GIMP action is truly representative of reality (as in 12 Years a Slave for instance) I'm the one who has to turn away. It's like comparing Ilsa, She Wolf of the SS to Schindler's List. Good exploitation is meant to excite, not inform. If DI3 were “more realistic”, I'd feel sorry for Nicole, and where's the fun in that? But more to the point, DI3 exists because very few GIMP videos deliver all the elements I enjoy most. And no, contrary to public opinion, that does not always mean lots of blood and viscera (though it does tend to show up). In this case, it was the availability of Nicole Oring that kicked off the project. When I heard the California based actress was travelling to the Northwest to work with the fetish producers there, I contacted John immediately to get a spot in the queue. Nicole is known for much milder fare than the usual PKF output – mostly femme-fight and super-heroine vids – but as my script had no sexual hardcore content, she was okay with it and I was thrilled. Perhaps to make up for the lack of rape and penetration scenes, I may have compensated with über-violence. If so, it was not a conscious effort. The nipple ripping scene developed from my discovery of and how they might be used in a GIMP video. At the time, John had been perfecting his branding effects, and so that inspired the hot-iron scene. The story had been simmering for quite a while, but anyone who knows me won't be surprised that it includes an interrogation, a recalcitrant victim, a plot, a failed escape attempt, and yeah I'll admit it, a little bit of blood. I like many other things too, but these, in combination, I rarely get to see – and almost never with an actress as accomplished and beautiful as Nicole. Thanks, Howie, for doing such a terrific job of reviewing the film. I never provide critiques of my own commissions, but if I did, in this case I might well have written exactly what you did – though my screen caps would have been much lousier. Of PKF's Deadly Interrogation series, four of which I commissioned (I have no idea where #5 came from), #3 is my favorite, and I agree with you that Nicole Oring is the reason that sets this one apart. She is truly outstanding, though John and Max deserve props as well. And for those who believe that this genre of GIMP videos has limited appeal and is only for a niche crowd, consider that the first Deadly Interrogation film (featuring Nicole's pal Paris Kennedy, and following the same formula as the others) was at one time PKF's highest selling clip featuring a single female victim. If I remember correctly John told me it had sold over 600 copies – and that was quite some time ago. Take heart, Howie we are not alone. * * * * * A Canadian wrote: I thought it was pretty clear that this is a film for the mangle-heads. Actually, the fact that it was bankrolled by Fritz was the first clue. I don't even know what that means, so I'm not sure whether to be offended or not. It certainly doesn't sound very flattering, and the connotations well, I can't say the term is going to keep me on the invite list to the Royal Gallery at Ascot. Between you and Ralphus, my formerly spotless rep is being pummeled into possum pulp. You'd think I was Vlad the Impaler – who, BTW, contributed so much to society but will only be remembered for skewering his enemies on wooden pikes. It's not like everything I bring up here is about blood, guts and gratuitous scenes of mutilation. I have my mellow side too. Like many of my fellow GIMPers, I'm a big fan of those MAM covers and have even restored some of the inside spreads. Tame stuff, no? Jeez you eviscerate a dozen female rebels and skin a few PETA protesters alive, and that's all anyone remembers. The Poll: I've been trying to avoid this one, but since I'm here, I suppose it's time to weigh in To all those who responded by saying “keep things like they are because if it ain't broke don't fix it”, allow me to retort what is your fucking problem? Oooohh look, I can insert a smiley face here. Couldn't do that six months ago, when everything was also not broke and not in need of fixing. Frankly, with this attitude, we'd still be riding around on horseback because, well horses get you from point A to point B, so why improve on something that's working just fine? People there are reasons to enhance and advance BEFORE everything has fallen to bits and gone to hell in a hand basket. Here's the thing: Amy's awesome upgrades to this forum clearly have generated a lot more activity (which in itself should tell us something). And a lot more effort on my part (and I'm sure others as well) to keep up. In general, this is a good thing. But to be honest, I no longer have the time to read every incisive dispatch that shows up here. Again, I'm sure others – apparently very quiet types who are not daily contributors – share my sentiment. By adding the simple feature of a topic for each post, a modicum of organization would be introduced to the board. This would allow sorting by threads (heresy!) and make it easier for those so inclined to ignore material (like the riveting and completely on-topic net neutrality discussion) in which they have zero interest. But but but then people won't read everything I write! They'll skip over my carefully constructed, enlightening missives and overlook my sage comments! Guess what, kiddo they're not reading them now – it's just a bigger pain to sift through the chaff when it's buried in a slew of seven unrelated topics in a single post. Trust me, there's a reason why 98% of discussion forums are threaded. It's because they are more convenient, more efficient, and on the whole more usable for all but those anal types who like to read every last word that went up in reverse chronological order since the last time they visited (probably thirty minutes ago). And for those who insist on reading all the latest all the time tell me how a topic driven, threaded layout would prohibit this. I'm sure there is even a way to “unthread” the forum and have it appear much as it does today. Folks still using Windows 95™ will always find a way to soldier on. But why hamstring progress just to ensure the lurkers and less frequent visitors are bullied into muddling through a haphazard chain of posts which lurch you from one unrelated topic to the next at random? Honestly, I just don't get it. And if the best you can do is chant “if it ain't broke blah, blah, blah”, please sell your SUV and run appaloosa run! By the way, along with threads, modern board software also offers additional features still to arrive here. Amy's upgrades have been wonderful, but by going just a bit further, we could also introduce auto-quotations (to reference text in other posts), hot-links (without entering the HTML manually) and editing features which would allow modifications to your own posts after they have been submitted. But why should I even mention such esoteric options? Everything is just fine as it is. Don't get me wrong. I'm not suggesting to take the board down for another month to make changes like this but the next time the opportunity arrives to move ahead, let's go for it, threads and all. 1408) Covers. Fritz, It’s pretty clear that you advocate strongly for threaded format and your reasons for doing so are understandable and clearly articulated. But I have to take exception with your assertion that those who prefer the Guestbook format are somehow Smith Corona types who are wedded to the past. To me, one thing that distinguishes those who prefer one format over the other might be how we visit this great site and take advantage of what it has to offer. I for one am currently visiting infrequently, 2-3 days a week for only a few minutes. Viewing the most recent posts, regardless of their topic, simply works better for me at a glance. If there is a topic that is clearly part of an implied thread, it is not difficult for me to scroll down and find it. That you have a different perspective is certainly your right, but to suggest that anyone who disagrees is married to the past is a stretch. And as for the term manglehead, no need to troll for insults there. Consider it a descriptive compliment, such as Deadhead or Metalhead. Violent disfigurement works for you and you have paid the man for the opportunity to enjoy it. Good for you. Howie & Ralphus: The daily pic from the other day 'Camp Ravishment.' Is definitely the work from Subspaceland.com. Check out the site. There is some good stuff there, but Howie, I think you'll find it too soft for your tastes. Ten years ago this site would have been a must have as it combines bondage & sex. However with Sex & Submission, Sexually Broken, etc. The bar has been raised high and SSL is very middle of the road. I joined SSL for a month as I did like some of their content and a lot of their models. But the bondage, while at least competent, features big, thick ropes and is always derivative. I think I even mentioned this site previously here on the GIMP. So check out the extensive previews of the site's content. In the end I'd have to say, great models, but the sex and bondage are pretty standard. Very little 'torture' is involved and is always pretty mild. ~Dan Hawke 1413) El Wananchi. Hi, all, and especially Fritz, As you say, this is a fantasy environment, and such niceties as realism are not to be mandatory, as long as someone enjoys it. In fact, 'DI' clips are among the few I keep. I, for one, found more enjoyable the tension that it is created in a proper realistic interrogation than in the gory splashing of blood and. Anatomical parts, so to speak, but that's me. Sometimes, even the simple line in a movie or story 'She was tortured. She talked', linked to a pretty girl, is all what I need for a pleasing moment. Besides, I have visited your Profile in DFN, and found particularly appropriate your attitude to the 'offline' environment. El Wananchi 1414) MadBob. Badger wrote: But I have to take exception with your assertion that those who prefer the Guestbook format are somehow Smith Corona types who are wedded to the past. That was not my intent. If I was accusing anyone of being a Smith Corona type, it was the people who were supporting the guest book format with the “ ain't broke, don't fix it” argument. That tired adage is just ludicrous. If we only made improvements to anything when anything “broke”, we'd still be living in the dark ages. I do understand why some people prefer the guest book format. What I don't get is why they would vote against a threaded board if an expanded, reverse-chronological layout could be an option as well. All I'm suggesting is that contributors create (or reply to) a topic with their posts, and enable the forum to be sorted by these topics as well as by time and date as it is now. Is that so much to ask? @ Dan Hawke - Thanks for the heads up on Subspaceland.com. I even found the model from the pic Ralphus posted. She goes by the name Gina over there. It always amazes me how it's still possible a site like that has been around this long, and I'm just now finding out about it. I actually think it looks pretty fucking great. The models they have over there are just stunning. I've been going through what's on offer, and have yet to see a clunker in the bunch. With 41 pages of films and photo sets, it's a pretty safe bet I'll give'em a shot for a month. Thanks again. ---- @ Fritz - Interesting hearing some of the background on DI3. Like Ralphus said when he posted it, it's been over 10 years since I did a review in here, and certainly none of the ones I did back then were nearly as extensive as this one, and that's because I just found the flick to be fucking amazing. Don't worry, I know we're far from alone. When I was trying to find a Image host for the screen caps I posted, I first put them up on my Dark Fetish account thinking that may work. It didn't, so I just kind of forgot about them, till my inbox started getting flooded with photo likes, and now the photoset has been viewed over 4,300 times since I posted it on Saturday night. So that's real Niche stuff, huh? There's over 100 screen caps from the film for those interested. Here's the link: [] 1418) BlueDog. Fritz I love your work. Fact is I've purchased all the DI videos, and will most likely buy anything along the same lines. And that's after DI4, which IMHO didn't live up to the rest - mostly due to the model being not up to par as an actress. Maybe I'm just an especially sick fuck, but one thing I enjoy is having one movie be the soundtrack for another that maybe isn't up to par. In fact I find Blakemore's work perfect for this as many of Bondage Classics vids don't have a real soundtrack anyway. Another difference in tastes may also revolve around the fact that I don't care for gags. Yeah, I know. Sorry folks, I know may don't consider it bondage without a gag, but I don't care much for them. I highly recommend DI 1 and 2 for those who liked DI3. Any new work to look forward to Fritz? 1419) Ralphus. Howie: If you're interested, there are also a couple of reviews of Subspaceland videos in the Reviews section, by 2 different writers. Both praise the beautiful models and both trash the dom who puts them through their paces, Marcellino. It sounds like the guy recruits very attractive women and then screws things up with his acting/direction. Just a heads up if you're thinking of investing your hard-earned money on a membership. ----------------------------------- Fritz: The reason I had the poll on the threaded vs guestbook choice was because I really didn't know which would be best, and I wanted to get the other reader's feedback. I read some threaded boards, and I enjoy them, but I also like the open style we have here. I've been going back and forth, and now after what you mentioned about threaded boards is starting me to lean toward staying with the guestbook. You mentioned that threaded boards are more convenient, more efficient.and they also make it real easy to skip complete sections without even reading them. The most recent subject we had about Net Neutrality would have likely gotten skipped by 3/4 of the readers if we didn't have this format. Instead, it turned into a real interesting topic. You can't deny that a threaded format practically encourages people to avoid a subject unless the header line is especially intriguing. That's a big turnoff for me. You could write a great post but unless the subject line wows people enough to want to click, it could likely be ignored. I'm the same way, on certain threaded boards I'll not even click if I don't recognize the name of the model in the subject line, for instance. If everything were right in front of me and I didn't have to click, especially if it happens to include a picture, I would be much more obliged to check it out. This is my own personal experience. Still, you make a very convincing argument. The poll doesn't end until May 17, and anyone who voted for the guestbook format that wishes to change their vote can do so until then. And the very quiet types who share your sentiments about the benefits of a threaded board.you still have plenty of time to vote. El Wananchi - Sometimes, even the simple line in a movie or story 'She was tortured. She talked', linked to a pretty girl, is all what I need for a pleasing moment. There have been many instances when things like that have floated my boat. People looking back at previous events can be very vivid: 'They spent several days working on her. By the time they finished she had screamed out every name she knew, telling them anything just to make the pain stop.' Completely non explicit, but more erotic than a badly written detailed scene. I'm not bothered about 'real' realism - although it needs to seem real to me. So a babe tied in a way that means she could just escape is a no-no. As I've said before, I have no idea how much abuse a woman could take in real life, and I have no desire to find out, so it doesn't really matter if it's medically accurate or not. I don't like mutilation - burns, cuts, bruises and scratches are fine, but the nipple removing in DI3 is probably too much for me. El Wananchi - you mentioned in an earlier post some caps from 'Her Her Mud' - have you got those? Or anything else you think shows a realistic interrogation? 1427) Covers. Amy had a great party for her birthday, she's now recovering still. She was also busy taking care of her new love, Mitsou, the kitty, who was abducted by aliens yesterday for a procedure no male likes to hear about. We're in full pre-production mode for the end part of Olalla, we're also busy with preparing Justine and if that wasn't enough work, we have two more productions in the work. Our team has grown and we need to keep everyone on their toes. If I may put my two cents on the format? There's always room for improvement and growth, however, the forum, as it is, has been doing well for many years, the changes made by Amy only made it better. To switch to a totally different format will cause many a nervous breakdown. I'll have more news later. Reine Margot wrote: Amy had a great party for her birthday, she's now recovering still. That sounds like. ----- The poll question: It's time to vote. Although I think the outcome is looking clear, I'm going to vote for the threaded format. I'm not too worried about missing posts. Unless there's a huge increase in the volume of posts, I'm sure I can catch the new posts on a threaded format as well as I can now. That said, I would prefer to have the subject matters in distinct threads. That would make it easier to track and respond to the comments on issues that are more important to me. 1436) Thomas Chaser. Howie - I joined Subspaceland for about a month or three and downloaded as much as I could, even waiting for new material to come out. The stuff filmed at the Irish castle is good, and I particularly liked this model, who is also in 'Derailed' and goes by the name 'Allodia', which translates to 'Property' or 'Chattel'. All of the models are good, of course, but some are better than others in how they work the camera. One of my favorite sets is with Bara and Kristina bound to a rotisserie-style frame with candles burning underneath, so that whichever model is rotated face-down must bear the pain of being cooked by candlelight. It's called 'Cold Chills and Hot Thrills'. The rotisserie part is on the third reel, about 1/3 of the way through. Here's a series of screen caps from the aforementioned 'Hot Thrills and Warm Chills' (that's the correct name - I got it wrong earlier) rotisserie segment from Subspaceland.Com. From what I can tell, this is the only time the rotisserie device was used by the studio, so maybe it was just on loan from somebody else. It appears on the third videoclip, about a third of the way through and goes to the end. The story opens with Bara on top and Kristina underneath, facing downward. They're stripped nude and bound tightly to the frame, allowing them very little movement. Enter Marcellino, who fondles them a bit to test their bonds before the fun begins. As Kristina watches, he lights a series of small dish candles that line the foot of the device, inches from her body. As he lights more candles, her discomfort from the heat grows stronger, and finally she begs to be rotated over, which causes Bara to now be subjected to the heat. As Kristina recovers from her ordeal, Marcellino brushes her body with oil, making sure to coat her breasts and pubic mound liberally. Meanwhile, underneath the device, Bara is now subjected to the candles' heat and begins to shift and pull at her bonds. Before her skin can blister, however, Marcellino rotates the frame, sending Kristina back over the flames. Now it is Bara's turn to be covered in oil as Kristina suffers terribly beneath her. Then, when Bara is sufficiently coated with oil, the frame is rotated and she is placed over the licking candle flames, much to the relief of Kristina who is now rotated to the top and away from the source of her pain. But her rest is only brief, for once again Marcellino loosens the nut holding the frame secure, and Kristina is slowly, painfully, rotated back over the fire. She winces and shakes her head with pain, but she does not cry out. Bara, laying on top, knows that it is but a matter of time before she is rotated back over the intense heat. Will Kristina break first? Will Bara be subjected to the cruel torture of the candlelight? Join Subspaceland and see! Or just ask me. 1441) Thomas Chaser. To answer your question, Howie, there's no dialogue in the film clips, which I suppose is done intentionally so that it can appeal to an international audience. I think it's made in the Netherlands but I'm not sure. The girls all appear to be Western European, or at least whomever handles the make-up and personal grooming issues is in touch with the EU vibe in porn. Anyway, because of the lack of dialogue, most of the interplay between the actors is done with facial expressions and grunts (and the occasional yell). Is Marcellino a douche? Well, he's not afraid to fuck his models on camera unnecessarily. Personally, I'd rather not see another man's junk in my porn. I'd rather he kept his junk in its trunk and let the ladies handle any sexing that's going to be going on. Generally, the bondage is pretty much the same thing that you can get from Dan Hawke, HardTied.Com, or any other rope bondage guy. Marcellino uses mood lighting and some furniture and tries to give things an artistic touch, but generally it's no more harsh than anything else you've probably seen. You got your whipping, your clipping, and your clamps. Hot wax and hog ties. A girl gets pissed on, another gets slapped around on the face, and there are plenty of AOH and spread-eagled scenes. The girls are all runway model-hot but overall the bondage doesn't really push any boundaries. Maybe the girls have limits (likely) or Marcellino just lacks imagination (also likely). You may find a scene or two or three you like, like I did, that would justify a one month's subscription, but after that. Ralphus wrote: You can't deny that a threaded format practically encourages people to avoid a subject unless the header line is especially intriguing. Yes I can – and I will deny it. Personally, if a topic looks even remotely interesting, I'll give it a try – but if the first post or two don't grab me, I won't wallow through the rest in hopes that things will turn around. A threaded layout makes it easy to ignore the remaining net neutrality posts once I realize this discussion is not for me (which it wasn't – ever – but I felt I read far more than I wanted to because it kept popping up like whack-a-moles in the middle of otherwise interesting material). My reaction was not, “gee, what erudite comments about such a non-GIMP related topic” but simply “this is annoying”. I know several folks who I persuaded to drop by here have left for this reason. They won't see your poll, nor will the many who only check in here once in a while – the very people you want to encourage to participate more frequently. Note that virtually all the poll respondents are “regulars”. Of course the majority are comfortable with the way things are – that's why they're here all the time. But as someone who frequently complains that there is not more activity (especially from so-called lurkers), do you ever wonder why? Frankly, unless you drop by every day, jumping into a discussion at this place is like hopping on a merry-go-round that's going full tilt. Not very inviting for newbies. Again, most of the people who voted to keep the current format appear to be daily visitors, based on post frequency if nothing else. Of course they have the time to keep up. But some of us are unable or unwilling to do so. Personally, I wish I could read everything all the time, but I can't. When I return after just three days away and find 40 or 50 new posts, frankly, that's a bit overwhelming. There's no way I'll go through all of those, so some kind of filtering must occur. Since I can't choose by topic (which would be most logical), I take the Badger approach and read as many of the most recent posts as time allows, or I will select based on author, images, first sentence or some other less reliable predictor of content. In any case, I will NOT be able to read everything, so one way or another, the net neutrality reports will fall by the wayside. The only question is how much you want to irritate me (and others) by making this process more difficult than it needs to be. TRG trots out some numbers that indicate the GIMP now receives about 15 posts a day. Relative to the competition, that may be low – but (sorry) I follow the competition as well. In fact, during an average week, I visit over 20 discussion forums, including many that are non-fetish related. Most are much more active than this one. Thank god the others are threaded, or I could not possibly follow them all. Why should the GIMP make things difficult for me (just in case I might be interested in net neutrality without knowing it) while everyone else makes it easy to filter content based on topic? Of course, you don't want to lose the regulars by, as Margot says, switching to a totally different format and causing the apocalypse oops, sorry, nervous breakdowns. Well as DarknessMonger astutely points out (and as I have mentioned more than once), the format does not have to change – unless adding a topic line to each post is cause for panic. The layout otherwise would be identical in a non-threaded view (which could be the default). Only those who want a topic sort would see things differently. Think of it this way. Would you be happy rooting through your e-mail if notes arrived without a subject line? By not enabling a topic field for posts, you are effectively restricting this feature here. To paraphrase Orson Welles, find me one other discussion forum that does not employ topics and topic-sorts (aka threads), and I'll go down on you. And if anyone is still reading at this point, especially you quiet types who agree and are on the verge of giving up on the place, vote goddamnit. Don't be misled by the status quo. Choose progress. Just click on the “sign the forum” text and submit THREADS! As I will soon be going on a 4-day hiatus, this will be my last feeble attempt to sway the masses, which apparently are not as massive (or as vocal) as I would have thought. Oh well I tried. * * * * * BlueDog: Glad you enjoyed the DI videos. I agree the acting could have been better in DI4, but it's the ending in that one that has garnered the most criticism. It's scenes like that which likely cause Ralphus to spread all those nasty lies about me. Still, if someone thought DI3 was too tame, they might want to give #4 a try. Recently, PKF released DI5. I had nothing to do with this one, but I did buy it. It's less involved than the others, and to me it plays like a bit of a knock-off – but the heroine is attractive and it follows the usual formula. Not all my PKF commissions are as extreme or bloody as the DI series. If you like your interrogation scenes dialled down a bit, you might try What She Knows, Never Return or Cyborg Assassin (which has a pulp sci-fi theme). Teraz produced a first-rate custom for me called Interrogation of a Rebel Spy (available in two parts). I also commissioned a few similar films from Casualties of Horror (on Nicheclips): The Serum (with Paris Kennedy) and a sequel, Sarducci Strike Again. Any of these should have at least some appeal for those who enjoyed the DI series. Here's my latest work, perhaps inspired a bit by that latest 'DI' discussion. I call it 'Awaiting Act 2'. Click for the bigger view, folks! Fritz, thank you for those fine commissions. They're among my favorites in those stables. They really deliver a level violent drama that few others can make. In a nutshell they're like those scenes in so many horror films. Only they DO take the turn our crowd wants to see;) MaX CoXXX, great work and I gotta say I'm REALLY psyched that Penny Pax is doing work with you now. Not only is she really cute and packing some wonder natural curves, but the girl can act! Maybe just about anyone I've seen in the genre. It's that or it's just that her face delivers such a convincing look. Either way I'd LOVE to see her in something as over the top and edgy as the Deadly Interrogation films, where her acting (and body!) can really shine. If only I could afford to spec a commission (*sigh*). MadBob, good to see you posting more, bro! As Fritz said, don't be too put off if you don't get much/many/any replies. It's the nature of this forum for what we do, but it's clear that the contributions are appreciated. At least it becomes more clear over time;) 1445) Reine Margot. Howie: Okay, I finally decided I'm gonna buy one of Amy's flicks, and think Maleficarum looks fucking fabulous, but I've got a question. There's a theatrical cut that's 108 minutes long, and a directors cut that's only 103 minutes long. Yes I know this has probably been answered a 1,000 times in here, but none that I've read. What's the difference between the two? The theatrical version of Maleficarum was made with a theatre audience in mind. There are more intercuts, it means that the torture scenes are cut more often. There's a bit of additional footage, a bit longer, of the testimonies.The director's cut has less intercutting, which means less interruptions during the torture scenes. That's the difference. 1446) BlueDog. Fritz wrote: This would allow sorting by threads (heresy!) and make it easier for those so inclined to ignore material (like the riveting and completely on-topic net neutrality discussion) in which they have zero interest. Hmmm.I get it. You're using sarcasm. Like when you say 'riveting and on-topic,' you actually mean NOT riveting and NOT on-topic. I don't know if I should reply in the same tongue-in-cheek manner, but I'll just come out and say that everyone here should be concerned about Net Neutrality. It may not have the same effect on your libido as talking about women getting their nipples burned off, but when it affects access to this site, and millions of other sites on the Internet, then yes, it is most assuredly on-topic. Sorry to annoy you, my friend. I know several folks who I persuaded to drop by here have left for this reason. They won't see your poll, nor will the many who only check in here once in a while – the very people you want to encourage to participate more frequently. Note that virtually all the poll respondents are “regulars”. Of course the majority are comfortable with the way things are – that's why they're here all the time. Let's go back a few months, shall we? You wrote back in February 'It’s too bad the GIMP was down, or we could have had a vote on this. My guess is that most readers would have preferred the “threaded forum like Stakedamsels'. So we finally get settled in here and I decide to do a real poll and guess what? Your side is getting clobbered, and it's my fault? Who else was I gonna ask? I can't poll the people who aren't here. I purposely ran the poll for an entire month so that those readers who only occasionally stop by here can cast their votes. Interestingly enough, even Stakedamsels himself came by and voted for our current system. Since I can't choose by topic (which would be most logical), I take the Badger approach and read as many of the most recent posts as time allows, or I will select based on author, images, first sentence or some other less reliable predictor of content. In any case, I will NOT be able to read everything, so one way or another, the net neutrality reports will fall by the wayside. The only question is how much you want to irritate me (and others) by making this process more difficult than it needs to be. Yeah, I'm really trying to irritate you and everyone else who comes by here. You're on to me. I've already admitted I'm a sadist, and now you know like to inflict pain and suffering not just to women, but to my fellow pervs and sick fucks, too. Why should the GIMP make things difficult for me (just in case I might be interested in net neutrality without knowing it) while everyone else makes it easy to filter content based on topic? Pick a topic. Use our search function and do a search for, say, 'Deadly' for Howie's review and a bunch of entries come up all in one thread. Try 'Neutrality' (well, I know you wouldn't search for that, but somebody who actually cares about the future of the Internet might). Try 'Subspaceland' and everything comes up in one neat little package. It's not a perfect system, but what is?the format does not have to change – unless adding a topic line to each post is cause for panic. The layout otherwise would be identical in a non-threaded view (which could be the default). Only those who want a topic sort would see things differently. I dunno, dude. You say with a threaded board, we can make the site look exactly like it looks now? Not on any threaded board that I've seen. I don't dislike threaded boards; in fact, I like them and I use them, but they are all separated into categories and everything is hidden unless you click on them and not all out in the open like we are. You say you visit over 20 discussion forums. Give me one, just one, that you would like to see us adopt as the template for this one. Seriously, I *want* to be proven wrong, and I'm very open to making changes that will improve the site and possibly increase visitors. Seeing is believing. Maybe the huge majority who have voted for our current system just haven't noticed this much better system you're advocating. To paraphrase Orson Welles, find me one other discussion forum that does not employ topics and topic-sorts (aka threads), and I'll go down on you. Unless you're an attractive well-built female, I'll pass on the going down part, thank you. But you want a discussion forum that's set up like we are and doesn't use threads? How about the forerunner of this site, the PG-rated alternative to the GIMP,? I've mentioned it before, their discussion page is very similar in their set up to ours and they've actually been around 2 years longer than we have. It's a great site, and very successful. And in all the years I've been reading it, I don't ever recall anyone complaining about how it's 'broken' because they don't use threads. I guess we get all the fun over here. 1449) A Canadian. Howie: Maleficarum's grinning guy did all the whipping, branding, binding Amy to the stake, one raping scene he did and even set Amy's pyre on fire. He got the best job ever of all jobs ever. That why he is grinning. Howie, your 1452 post is very encouraging. Glad to hear powerful money people are on our side. Fritz, the lurkers just look at the pictures and never make any comments at the Stakedamsels forum. The artists there get the same members responding to their posts the same as artists or story tellers or reviewers do here. Having a threaded site doesn't make for more comment posts or great or bad site at all. It's the Gimpers that post artworks and pictures and reviews that makes the Gimp forum enjoyable to me. It's not going make any different to me if we go to threaded or stay the same. Whatever the end vote poll I am for. Amy's a new cat Mom. Remember Amy, dogs have masters and cats have staff or slaves. 1458) Mark Evans. Re #1460 Covers It's probably a total coincidence, but the pen name of the author of the story is 'Andrew Blake,' which is also the 'stage' name of a well-known soft core porn film director known for using ravishingly beautiful actresses, often in mild - but sexy - BDSM settings. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Whereas before he and Lin had held the pitcher several inches above Ci-ci's body, allowing the water to cool slightly in its descent, this time Chiang held the hot pitcher flush against her breast. So that her protruding nipples, still aching from the Ox's savage blow, might feel the heat of the porcelain pitcher even as the steaming contents were about to baptize the shapely upper curves of her breasts. But though the nerve endings in her inflamed nipples screamed at her to pull away from the pitcher's fiery touch, Ci-ci dared not back away. Was better than another breast-burning stroke from the simple-minded sadist with the strap. The Jade Pavilion, Chapter 42 1462) Ralphus. TRG wrote: You know what I can't figure out? One, why these men's magazine covers from the late 1960s, when the Cold War was raging and the Soviet Union was our arch-enemy, show Nazis, who were defeated TWENTY-THREE YEARS EARLIER as the villains. Nazis were easy targets. They're universally reviled, and even better, they were largely out of power at the end of World War II, so it's not like they would have any representatives to step up and say, 'Hey, our party is being misrepresented unfairly in these magazines.' Two, how do these tortured women always have on such pretty lingerie? Where do you get attractively-colored, figure-flattering bras and panties in a war zone? I mentioned that earlier, and it still fascinates me. They don't really have to make sense. It's not like these stories were based on actual facts. As exciting as it sounds, the Third Reich didn't really capture and torture a large number of American women during the war. The simple reason they are wearing things like lingerie and tattered clothing is because they knew women look sexy in outfits like those. If they could have gotten away with showing them nude, they would have done that, too. It was all about the bondage and showing beautiful women in various forms of distress. They knew what their money maker was. Oh, how I long for those days when it was perfectly okay to show women as victims in movies and on newsstands. You can say we've matured as a culture, but some old-fashioned values will never go out of style. That's why these covers are still beloved many decades after they were originally published. ----------------------------------- Mark Evans wrote: Tasered in a bikini? An interesting way to raise money, I hope more women start doing this! Even if the money goes to charity, a hundred bucks is pretty steep to watch an attractive girl in a bikini get shocked for what was only just a few seconds. Take off her clothes and I would pay more. How about we wire her up like in this artwork and charge guys a fee to operate the control box? How much would you pay to shock her for 30 seconds? How about for a minute? You could pile up the bucks real quick. How come no one has come up with this money-making idea yet? Ralphus wrote: How much would you pay to shock her for 30 seconds? How about for a minute? You could pile up the bucks real quick. How come no one has come up with this money-making idea yet? Ralphus, I'm sure it would be a very lucrative business. But I hope it never happens, because I would go bankrupt. If there was a model willing to take it, I don't even want to think about how much I would pay per minute. Using video game technology though, we are getting better and better at simulating this type of scenario though:) I've found others online, but here's a program I wrote that lets you electrocute a captive until she reveals a password: 1469) B. Elkcreek wrote: Does anyone know any sources for Giga DVD's, that are reasonable? I really don't want to pay 75.00. I can't do downloads on their site because they don't support MAC. And frankly my computer is having some issues and not burning DVD's so I don't want to download. I'm looking for THZ-47. Heroinedvds (the femfight video sight out of China) use to have about everything for $15-20, but he took all his Giga down. Is suspect under legal threat. They really make their stuff hard to get. That's too bad about Heroine DVDs. I used that site a few times myself. I was actually surprised that the films I ordered from them made it through Canada Customs. Unfortunately, I never got around to ordering THZ-47, although I thought about it. If you're not able to download, I won't be any help. I know of a few sites where you can get the movie but they all require downloading. I do wish you well trying to find the film. It was one of my from last year, and I chose the star -- Miki Sunohara -- as the best actress of 2013 when I posted my year-end review in December. Gog: Yeah, that's Eufrat. I had never heard of her until my friend Bob from Bob's Videos sent me a DVD so I could make vidcaps for him. I swear, this guy works with every hot model on the planet. Unfortunately, it was just a softcore lesbian romp, something I have no interest in. But one of the models in the video was Eufrat, and I immediately dashed off an e-mail to him asking, 'Who is this babe???' I agree, she's gorgeous. One of those women who's just way too cute to be a porn star. I haven't seen any of her bondage offerings, nor have any more from that daily picture, but she's apparently done some work for James Bertoni of, plus I found this photo set online. If you search around, you might find more. She also did a video for that looks interesting. At least she's ballgagged and gets some whipping and clothespin abuse. One of our posters did a review of 4 of TNAV's videos and calls them pretty much inept on every level, though. And it's been my experience that generally, the prettier the model, the less extreme the material she'll allow herself to have done to her. So in her case, I would take whatever I could get. Hi, all, 'On Nazi Wartime Interrogation Practices' Probably this post will incense some, but believe me, it has some 'half serious' research and thought behind. Of course, anyone is entitled to disagree. Take this as a disclaimer. Bill K., your post #1463 below prompted me to write something. Regarding this subject, 'unfortunately', the truth seems to be that they did not. It seems that there is a personal order from Himmler, as head of the Gestapo, dated in June 1942 (yes, that late) authorizing 'limited physical abuse' and admonizing that any Gestapo member with a sadistic tendency would be reprimanded. This is not to say that this orders were obeyed to the letter, and probably “excesses” were the rule, but is useful to put everything into perspective (cited in “The Big Book of Pain. Torture and Punishment Through History”, Mark Donnelly and others –you can get it on Emule). Then, and much to BDSM-lovers’ chagrin, neither the methods seem to have been at all sophisticated, neither the victims seems to have been women, in any significant proportion. The latter assertion is easily understandable. It was the 40s, and war, and guerrilla war, was a men’s thing, at least in the West (probably in the East, as partisan warfare was much more widely widespread, women took a greater part, voluntarily or not). There are surprisingly few recorded examples of female freedom fighters, less so SOE agents (much less OSS), to the extent that the well-known Odette Churchill case is paradigmatic, and that even serious movies on the subject are very few (and usually do not claim a real story background, except probably the one on the latter). Probably, one in fifty such freedom fighters was a female, if not less. The first needs a longer explanation. Methods seem to have been completely unsophisticated, to the point of looking lame (if not at all less painful!). Guymanseven here (or G7 as you wish to call me)! I know I hardly come around here, but now that I have the time; I want to write about something I told Ralphus about some time ago. Of course we all know and remember the late great Lina Romay right? She had one of the most stunning beauty to ever grace film. Part of this beauty, was that in her early career days, she had a nymph-child-like beauty inherent to most women 18 to early 20's. Well around the time Lina's career began, another pretty starlet begun her's. This back then young starlet was Tina Romero from Mexico (she was actually born in the states). Whom like the late great Romay, she had a child-like nymphistic beauty in her late teens; and worked on skin flicks lol. Of course maybe you all know her as the titular character from Alucarda. Besides Alucarda, she worked on other films where she graced us with her 'talented beauty' lol; but besides that film she really didn't do much GIMP stuff (not even in the Mujeres Salvajes movie where she is naked most of the time as well some female co-stars. Though one of them did.) However, there is this movie which I believe is rarely heard of in the international erotic circles (or I might be wrong) called, Bandera Rota (translated to 'Broken Flag.' Yes it has quite a weird name). Done by Gabriel Retes (who was Tina's first spouse and also maker of Mujeres Salvajes). It is a political thriller, oddly labeled as a dark comedy by his own creator. Retes is usually known to portray human cynicism in his films, as a way to show the 'true self of humankind.' Yeah he is way to much of a leftist intellectual-wannabe, but still places lots of skin in his pseudo-philosophical stories, which at the end it is what it sell and makes every one of us happy lol. Anyway, Bandera Rota starts with a bunch of film students working on a project in the Mexican woods (Tina Romero's character is part of the amateur film crew, and the main character; who is Tina's husband in the film seems to be a self-insert of Retes lol). All of the sudden, they see a woman running away from a man; who precedes to gun that woman down. Some of the crew not only witness this, but also capture it on film. The murderer is an important politician, and the murdered damsel was his mistress who already had a family and a young cute daughter. There is worry among the young film crew on what to do about it, if to call the cops or something. But their leader, Tina's husband decided to keep the film, and blackmail the politician by saying he would reveal the film unless there are socialistic changes in Mexican politics to benefit workers. Politician guy gets worried and while doing what told, also builds a team of investigators and goons; to be able to track down and hunt the blackmailers. In the film's climax, the hired mercenaries, goons and did I say torturers.? Find the film crew but without knowing, they kill first Ana's husband (Tina's character is named Ana now that I remember) and the rest of the crew is captured to use the interrogation and torture methods they use on them! Sadly they hang from his arms and legs a pantless male member of the crew and electrify his privates. I am sorry; I know we live in new times but that is not my thing. However; there is another female crew member (the crew's sole actress, Ana seems to be Director's Assistant) who is tied to a wall and being raped by one of the captors. And Ana who is hanged from her arms, thrown a bucket of water at her to wake her up; and gets a punch in the gut as she is being questioned where the film is. And that is the last time Ana and her crew are seen in alive in 'real time' since at the movie's ending, since later we see the crime scene with the film dead crew and some men explain to the ones who hired them to know about this whole mess; how were the film student members were killed. Since they didn't tell anything where the film reel was, they had no other but to execute them by gunshots. Sorry but the guy hanged from his limbs looked funny when shot. Of course the women were killed too and while it was a quick flash back we see how Ana was gunned down. Both women released a piercing scream as a pointless effort to react to being executed, before their lifeless bodies would still be standing just because of the ropes holding them. Oh well I might as well place the scene of Ana's lifeless body hanging from the ropes, but there is no close up. Love how her lifeless body is hanging there. Tina really is a great actress by pulling that. Wonder if she felt some discomfort like in Alucarda as it was said that during the fire in the climax of that film, she was basically suffocating but maybe I should leave that for another post if you guys wish since the source of that might need its own post. Though this post basically was to honor the beauty and talent of Tina Romero, but really that explanation would need another post for the nature of it. It might as well be a second post to honor her. So yeah, we only see nude damsels in distress at the end of Bandera Rota so not sure if I should even give it a rate or review. What the hell! That doesn't mean Tina doesn't get naked throughout the film but they aren't GIMP scenes but I might as well show some of them. Halfway in the movie we get a hot shower scene. Where Ana is taking a shower with her husband as they argue about the happenings, and we get nice glimpses of Tina's small but nice tits, and that she was quite hairy and she had unkempt pussy and arm pits which gives a oddly sexy touch to her nymph-like body. Love how she washes around her body. And finally, we have this quite candid scene; in which Ana's husband gets too stressed out, so as relief; Ana briefly shows her boobs at him. Quick but cute scene, which only exalted Tina's back then youthful beauty. I first discovered Bandera Rota, Mujeres Salvajes and many of Tina's and Retes' movies in the late 90's thanks to Mexican cable movie channels. Despite being Mexican films, they are/were quite hard to find in their own nation. (I remember seeing stocks of the VHS version of Mujeres Salvajes movies in store of the now dead Hastings chain, but was under age and didn't dare bought it lol). Bandera Rota got a DVD release in Mexico last decade (not sure if it got a US version), and managed to buy a copy around late 2005/early 2006 on a trip to the City of Monterrey, and found it at a MixUp store. MixUp is a media store chain in Mexico like the mentioned Hastings and Suncoast stores were (though not nationwide as this doesn't mean one can find a store easily in all of Mexico). But you can't get a copy at the MixUp site either as it could be out of print, or most likely like most Mexican commercial websites; they are awfully crappy and don't list everything they actually sell (plus the way they are organized is dreaded awful). So I doubt you guys can get a copy in a similar way I did. So that is another reason I believe it is not worthy to make review of it. As far as I know, the only DVD release of Mujeres Salvajes was at Germany under its German translated title and with German dub. Around the web, one could find the Canal Once rip which at times airs in Mexico but no official home video release. Anyway, as I said; this post was to honor Tina Romero and share my admiration for her with you guys. Who I usually compare with Lina Romay. Though still alive. Well I want to say that time came to Tina. Not saying she is less of a person but. Well you guys know. At least we can go back in time and see her in her prime. Honestly, I wish I could go back in time to the times of these movies and feel every inch of her body lol. Honestly, she is a very warm person and loves her fans. But man, seriously beautiful women should not age! Though some get better with age lol. It is just that nowadays, Tina has a daughter who just got into acting named Cristina Mason. And while many compare her to her own mother, there really is no comparison. Cristina is nowhere near as beautiful as Tina was back when they had the same age. Not saying Cristina is not worth it as a person either; but really she can't compare to her own mother. Cristina has yet to do nude scenes, but doubt she will do the same things her mom did! Again, as I said, this whole post was to honor Tina. But if you guys wish I could make another post on Tina (most likely her films but not all are GIMP worthy), more about Retes' films which some do feature GIMP material, a post about Mujeres Salvajes or/and a post of what I said might need its own post and actually wanted to make in this post about Tina, but due to time reasons I was not able to talk more about. A documentary released on video in Mexico, about the Alucarda movie itself, called Alucardos. Source of the information about Tina almost dying of suffocation in the film itself, giving a breathtaking performance (pun sort of intended). 1503) Joanna. @Bronx_Warrior: that's 'Black Ribbon' with Debbie D stripped naked and bound to the table for human sacrifice. Storyline is that a writer buys a typewriter possessed by a demon, which inserts itself into the writer's body and demands blood. He gets a couple of accomplices to help him prepare her but (a) there's no sacrifice and (b) everybody dies, more or less. Acting is completely amateur, story idea had promise but was lost, and the only decent nudity is what you got in the vidcaps. Still, the scene where she's wiped down preparatory to her execution is good. Too bad she's the only one to be sacrificed. @Guymanseven: Thanks for the lead on the film! I'll have to see if I can find it anywhere. @Joanne: Since you like good rack scenes, here's one from a movie called 'Blitzkrieg: Escape from Stalag 69', which is as bad as it sounds. And yes, that is a giant chicken drumstick he's waving around. Apparently the fat Gestapo man likes a little dinner with his show. 1505) Joanna. Review: Story of O Part II Sometimes you wonder how a film gets approved for financing. You could pitch it by saying, let's put 'Story of O' in the title and lots of people will watch it. Doesn't matter what the film is about. You could say, let's tell a story about the downfall of a prideful man, sort of a morality play, and lots of people would watch it. Or you could say what you meant to say all along: let's make a movie with all that and overflowing with naked women, and about when the viewer starts to wonder where this is all headed, we'll put in more naked women, and lots of people will watch it. Now you're talking! I give you Story of O Part II. This film, you must know, is not in any way an adaptation of Return to the Château, Pauline Reage's sequel to her famous novel, nor in any way a sequel to the original story. It does borrow the title character, O, and a particular scene I'll mention later, but that's about it. Éric Rochat, who produced the 1975 film version of Story of O directed by Just Jaeckin, apparently couldn't get O out of his head, so he produced and directed this film, too, not to mention the Brazilian ten-part series starring Claudia Cepeda. In the opening act, a corporate board of directors is discussing how to avoid being taken over by Pembroke, a Texas businessman. One of them suggests embroiling him in a public sex scandal, and he has the perfect weapon -- a woman named O (played by the stunning Sandra Wey). Act II begins with the Pembroke family coming to Europe with Dad as he attempts to execute the takeover. They are invited to live in this huge mansion which is owned by O. Her intention is to find the sexual weak spot in Pembroke, his wife, and his son and daughter, both of them in their early twenties. She begins by having one of her female servants check out the son. The servant tries to seduce him, but gets nowhere. When he shows more interest in the statuary of a male nude than one allegedly of the naked O, it's clear he bats from the opposite side of the plate. Pembroke walks into his wife's bedroom, demanding his sexual privileges because of all the money he lavishes on her. The wife (played by the supremely MILFy Rosa Valenty) says, essentially, if you want my pussy, you can have it, but that's all you'll get. [Note: you mean, there's more?] She bends over the bed, he hikes up her nightgown and away they go. She tries to be nonchalant about the whole thing, reading a magazine, doing her nails while he pounds away, but the horndog in her comes out and she's just loving it. She also suspects there's something wrong with the painting on the wall right next to them. It's O watching them through cut-out eye holes of the painting. Mom loves peter. Next is the daughter, Carol, played by the fully-equipped Carole James. O offers to be her guide in her sexual awakening and Carol accepts. Changing her tone from loving tutor to harsh mistress, O orders Carol to remove her panties and sit bare-assed on the bench. Carol agrees. Later O has a meeting with Pembroke at which the conversation turns to power -- who has it, and who doesn't. For him, sex is all about power, too. Let's not leave out the guard dog. O jacks off the Pembroke's vicious guard dog so she won't have to worry about him. O is nothing if not thorough. Now she has the goods on the entire family, and she attacks. In Act III, O throws a party at which she sets up everyone for their sexual demise. First she sends off Carol to be initiated into O-dom. In a sequence reminiscent of Story of O, but with different presentation, Carol is prepared in the car and given over to château staff. We get to see her no-holds-barred naked a lot. This sequence is intercut with scenes of O going through the same initiation. Both of them are naked, except for their heels, and both of them get royally rogered. More than once. The son gets his treatment when he is offered a three-way with two women of the château, which he more or less goes along with. He's playing with the tits of one of the housemaids, while the other gal is behind him with her finger up his butt. Being very sly, she steps aside as one of the manservants takes over, and you can see the look on this kid's face: 'Wait a minute! That's not a finger! Well, you know. Mom is next, and this is the best bit. She lets a pretty boy she met at the party fuck her socks off in the back seat of his Corvette. When Mom starts to explain to him why she cheats on her husband, the kid pulls her out of the car, throws her on the hood, and ties her there by the wrists and ankles. Then, off he zooms. Extended hood ornament scene follows. He stops at a secluded spot, and while she is still tied to the car, gives her five hard smacks on her ass with a whip, then lubes her up and rapes the snot out of her bunghole. Fabulous scene all around -- hood ornament, whipping, rape, -- it's all there, and Mom, getting a lot more than she bargained for, is bawling her head off the entire time. Warms the cockles of your little heart. O saves Pembroke for later. The day after the party, O challenges him by letting him whip her bare back. He thinks that will break her, but no. O says she measures power not by how much you can give out, but by how much you can take. She invites him to another party to find out how much he can take. He accepts the challenge. As a pre-function, O has Carol fucked and whipped (at the same time) by one of the château staff members. While she is being fondled afterwards, O says to her, the pain takes away the humiliation, and the pleasure takes away the pain. At the party, after a few European shininigans, O shows Pembroke his wife getting boffed by the same pretty boy, and loving it. He's not moved. Then O takes Pembroke into a darkened private room and tells him that if you fuck a woman, she will forget you, but if you fuck her in the ass, she will never forget. Pembroke takes her up on it, and starts in standing up with O holding onto a pillar. She stops, and brings in a blind-folded woman, his daughter, to stand between them. Now facing him, she tells him to make love to her eyes while he fucks this other woman in the ass. The next day, a Pembroke family sex scandal is headlined in the morning paper. The family tells Pembroke they have had it with him and are leaving. Just when he has told them how worthless they all are, O shows up and makes him realize that the woman he ass-fucked in the dark last night was his daughter. Game over, he loses. Roll credits. This movie is filmed in a European style, which means sexuality is handled much differently than an American film company would. If you've seen Obsession: A Taste of Fear, you know what I mean. Sex scenes are softcore, but have a hardcore feel. Like I mentioned before, there are naked women all over the place, often just as set decoration. Especially interesting is the costume the women of the château wear. It's a long-sleeved, form-fitting dress of solid color (red, blue, or black), with a panel of dotted tulle extending from the yoke to the waist, exposing the breasts. There's a silly hat, too. The actors move the story along well enough, no one chews up the scenery, though there are ridiculous Western accents in the dubbed soundtrack. This is a decent sex film that has a story easy to ignore while you wait for the good parts, which fortunately come by fairly often. And Sanda Wey is just ravishing. The subplot about the corporate takeover is pursued just enough to make the movie hang together, but it doesn't get in the way. You can fast forward through all that. GIMP-wise, there's not all that much, but there is some whipping, and most of the sex scenes are non-consensual. Find SO2 used on VHS. The only DVD version I can find is for Region 2. Catching up a few posts. Kelderek: Another fine work, thank you. The shaved pussy is a bit surprising coming from you, and it looks a bit inflamed, like maybe they whipped it first. Hey, a shaved pussy is a good excuse to stretch a bitch on the rack, like they needed a reason anyway. ------------------------------------------ Guymanseven: With all that information about the movie and all those caps, it seems kinda silly that you don't consider your Tina Romero post to be a review. We've certainly had reviews with less info than that. Give me a grade and I'll see if I can fashion it into a review for the site. It may be hard to find but obviously you have a copy or you wouldn't have been able to make all those caps. I must say, she looks awfully hot in those topless AOH pictures. ------------------------------------------ Thomas Chaser: In case you didn't notice, we have additional stills on the abysmal torture rack scene in Blitzkrieg: Escape from Stalag 69 as well as the video link in both the Torture Rack Scenes Database and the Hot Iron Database, proof that a movie doesn't necessarily have to be good to be included in multiple databases. This one is so bad it appears to have been made in someone's basement with amateur actors doing an over-the-topic German accent. Pretty sad stuff. ------------------------------------------ TRG: Thanks for another fine review. I saw this film years ago.well, by saw, I mean I took it home and scanned through it hoping to see some legitimate Story of O action like in the first film. I thought it was pretty much a waste of time on that level, but obviously you had more tolerance with it than I did. In fact, I would say none of the follow-ups to the Just Jaeckin original film are worthwhile, with the lone exception of the 10-part miniseries with Claudia Cepeda. That's a movie that's badly in need of a DVD re-issue. The direct link for your latest review is here: 1511) A Canadian. TRG: Excellent work on the amusing review of Story of O Part II. I particularly liked your summary of the hood ornament scene: (I)t's all there, and Mom, getting a lot more than she bargained for, is bawling her head off the entire time. Warms the cockles of your little heart. That makes me think of that old Woody Allen line, 'That's just great. Nothing like hot cockles.' Anyway, that scene sounds like a winner but I'm not so sure about the rest of the film. I did enjoy the review, though. 1512) Joanna. I managed to get that torture game of Mark Evans' working, and it was pretty fun. But because it puts you in the role of the torturer and not my preferred role as the prisoner, it got me thinking about interactive torture games, and how they're much easier to make where the player is the torturer and not the victim. If the player is the torturer, they have a clear goal and clear options: make the prisoner talk using a selection of methods, and when they've broken down, you've won. And you can add more layers by having several prisoners, each with heir own strengths and weaknesses, so you need to find the right methods and the right questions to break them down, with an extra element of risk that they might die if you push them too hard. But a game where you're the prisoner is more limited, because you're not really in a position to make many choices: you're being asked questions and you'll have pain applied to you until you answer them. And if you take the 2 classic torture scenarios, the witch hunt/inquisition and spy/military interrogation, then you're going to be facing execution at the end of the torture anyway, so there's no real win option. In my opinion, to make it work, instead of being focused on a clear goal like the torturer game, the victim game would be focused on how long you could last: you'd have some type of endurance meter that'd be worn down as you were tortured, and you'd need to pick the right options to the interrogator's questions to try and buy time and let your meter recover. You'll eventually have to confess, or die, but the fun would be in seeing how long you could hold out. 1513) Mark Evans. Joanna, thanks for the update. This makes me think of an old game I bought called Spycraft I think. You do actually get to electro-torture a woman in a fashion that gets her to answer questions without killing her. I think there are scenes in GTA 5 as well, but with a male. Your other point about being the victim is appreciated since I thought of the same thing, and of a way to make it happen for an electro scene. A program could easily send sounds to a stereo amplifier which you could wire up any way you'd like. Many people already do this for sexual stimulation. There was a program called RXTC that even let an online person control the signals for online play. There are other programs, or pre-recorded wav files out there as well, for anyone interested in hooking themselves up to a stereo amplifier. This setup could easily provide a variety of sensations from a program. The options for visuals are limitless. Maybe a 3D view of the torture room that you can look around in with the mouse? Or just a forward view of the torturer at the control box, so you can see him turning knobs and flipping switches. For someone who really wants to be electro-tortured, a program like this might be bit hit. I imagine you would calibrate it at the beginning to set your low, medium and high strengths, then the torturer would push you to your limits - and beyond if you refused to cooperate. If only I could find the time. A Canadian, Ralphus: Thanks our your responses to the SO2 review. It's really not that bad of a movie, but I wouldn't pay the prices being asked on Amazon for it. I nabbed it for a couple bucks about a dozen years ago at a video store close-out sale. Like I said, put Story of O in the title and people will want to watch it. It's quite European, too. I like that part about it. I'm also something of a completist when I get on a certain subject. The 10-part series is available on DVD, but only in a Region 2 version as far as I can find. Amy just on her she talks a bit about her most recent activities, including the upcoming projects. What she doesn't talk about is the recent inquiries she and I received from our fans concerning Maleficarum II. I mentioned before that there was such a plan. That is before Jac decide to take on the job of bringing De Sade's Justine to the big and small screens. There's a clear phenomena here, Maleficarum is currently our best seller. The biggest we had so far bar none. So, why aren't we coming up with a Maleficarum II yet? I emphasize the word YET. I think it has to do with two or three issues that would have to be resolved. One, the story. Would Maleficarum II be a sequel to the first one? With the same characters? Would Mariana and Francisca return for more tribulations and painful experiences? Or is it going to be a totally different story set in inquisition times? Another issue would be the cast. If it's not a sequel, we could bring many of the previous cast back. But, who would be willing to be the victim or victims? How far would they be willing to go? Amy had the toughest experience with the now famous barbecue scene. How can we match that? I don't have any doubts that the torture scenes Jac can come up with will be unique, intense and totally awesome, but who would be willing to be put through all that? It think the first Maleficarum is very hard to beat, however, it is not impossible. Should we submit this to a poll? What say you, fellow Gimpers? Should we bring back Mariana and Francisca for more pain? Should we make a totally new story? I know there's one inquisition story being written, but that's a different matter altogether. 1519) Bill K. Maleficarum II with the same characters would not make any sense to me because there are so many true stories of dungeon torture and rape then bats (fiery endings) executions. Why not create one of those true stories? Amy and Margot said Maleficarum's spit roast and bats events were made up, which was then added to the true story of Mariana and Francisca. Bring back the same actresses of course but with a different dungeon and bats storyline. Maybe add different true dungeon torture devices and methods? Perhaps a multiple bats ending where both Amy and Mila burn at the stake together. The point is a sequel to Maleficarum I believe is an unnecessary gamble that you need not do. Just create another Maleficarum type movie and I am sure it will do at least well as Maleficarum and if the bats burning is better it will do better. That's my opinion. 1520) Galahad. You tease us! You must be teasing us!! 'Who (in a Maleficarum Mark II) would be willing to be the victim?' 'Who would be willing to be put through all that?' 'How far would they be willing to go?' Why, of course, our own dear heroine Ms. Our own masochistic exhibitionist who; I am sure as I write; is with excitement, devising, contriving, designing, building yet further ordeals for herself. It is true that she was a little wimpish about the roasting scene, but as I speculated many months ago, I am sure that the challenge and excitement of another similar, even more intense, experience will be irresistible for her. 1521) MR BUSH. Net Neutrality update: To the surprise of absolutely no one, the FCC voted for a plan to kill Net Neutrality this afternoon by a score of 3-2, with all 3 of the yes votes being former workers for either Comcast or Verizon, including Chairman Tom Wheeler. So what that amounts to is ignoring the millions of signatures and just selling out, which no doubt will ultimately result in a large payout for them. I'm pretty frustrated over the whole thing, but what good is the will of the people when there's money involved? The rich get richer, the American people get screwed. I don't even want to talk about it. Listen to this guy instead. All right, let's get back to actual tied-up women talk. This other shit is too depressing. Maleficarum II: I honestly don't see how this could work. You can't do a sequel because the events of the first movie don't lend themselves to a sequel. What are you gonna do, stick Bobby Ewing in the shower again and say the ending of the first movie was all just a dream? In theory, you could do a remake of the first movie, using a different cast and basically repeat the scenes in the sequel, like they did with Mark of the Devil Part II, taking measures to improve a couple of scenes that could have worked better the first time around, and I don't have to say which scenes those were. But the problem is, as far as I know, there's no one else at Pachamama Films who would be willing to re-enact the scenes that Amy and Mila performed in the original film. It seems to me to be a very limited company of players. I mean, who else have you got? Camille isn't around anymore. Maybe Veronica Paintoux, but I don't see how she would be an improvement. I really liked Claudia Moscoso from Dead But Dreaming; she's young and attractive and personally, I thought she gave the best performance in the film (sorry Amy). But is she an actress who would do nudity, or even better, bondage torture? I seriously doubt it, or else they would have already cast her in a role like that. Face it, not every actress can do what Amy does, or would even want to, for any amount of money. Galahad described her perfectly; she's a masochistic exhibitionist, and God bless her for that. If Pachamama really wants to branch out, they need 2 or 3 more like her, or else every new movie is just gonna be a new variation on The Amy Torture Show. Not that there's anything wrong with that, but some variety would help. Jac needs to start scouting more doctor's offices in search of some new talent. Personally, I'd take Amy in any way, shape, or form [Insert drooling smiley face here.darn, there is none.]. But maybe Amy could diversify her characters a bit. Instead of mostly the innocent, maybe she could play a character that's a total “Biotch”. In fact, I had a story idea of sorts.that's also goes in the direction of the supernatural that's the vids have been heading in of late. I call it “Alice in Hell”. In it, Amy plays a complete female bad seed named “Allison”. She sees herself as a total badass as well, so she likes going by the name of “Allison Hell”. She's mean, into drugs, lies, cheats, and steals, etc. Anyway, despite her bad-ass nature, she still does have certain fears, some of which manifests themselves in dreams. To make a long story short, she dies a very violent death (which of course includes being raped and tortured before dying.Hey, it's GIMP remember.). After dying she arrives in Hell, not knowing that it is Hell. There, for her eternal punishment, she is tortured and killed over and over by means of what terrifies her the most. And because she doesn't know it's actually Hell, her fears of dying by those means are torture beyond torture. And each time she arrives back in Hell after dying the previous time, she has no recollection, and therefore her fears never get a chance to become numbed. Either that, or Amy could push for the Sci-Fi feature that that they put the trailer out for not too long ago. You need to view this object 1524) Charles Lonberger. Apart from a small 'jeu d'esprit' yesterday, this is my first post for some time. Therefore may I first congratulate, somewhat belatedly but no less sincerely, our Esteemed Master and Moderator on his 15th anniversary! I look forward to the 30th! May I also thank Ms. Hesketh for all her labours on our behalf. I would also like to argue most strongly to keep the format of this site as it now is. (May I have two, or three, votes as I feel so strongly?!). The strength of the present format is that one is introduced to images, ideas, opinions, desires that one would not initially seek out, but some/many of which are interesting. (To put my views in context, I should say that prior to this debate I had no idea what 'threaded' meant in this context). Over the last few weeks a number of issues have come up involving realism and authenticity in representations of GIMPage. I would like to come back to these on another occasion. 1528) john mahatma. Gog wrote: To make a long story short, she dies a very violent death (which of course includes being raped and tortured before dying.Hey, it's GIMP remember.). After dying she arrives in Hell, not knowing that it is Hell. There, for her eternal punishment, she is tortured and killed over and over by means of what terrifies her the most. And because she doesn't know it's actually Hell, her fears of dying by those means are torture beyond torture. And each time she arrives back in Hell after dying the previous time, she has no recollection, and therefore her fears never get a chance to become numbed. Gog, I really like that idea. A GIMPy Groundhog Day.;) I also think I remember a sequence in Joss Whedon's TV series Angel where one of the male characters was stuck in a similar situation where each day he was horribly killed. ---------------------- Duillo of the Day is MultiV - 07 Duillo art.jpg 1533) Joanna. My thoughts on a possible 'Maleficarum II'. First, you most definitely could set it in the same time period as the original, with the same characters. It worked for the Japanese film 'Lone Wolf and Cub', which was serialized (and based on a rather graphic comic book). So,second, let's cook up a possible storyline. Francisca and Mariana, crippled by the flames, flee from the reaches of the Inquisition, now wanted for murder. Mariana is caught and is tortured to reveal the location of Francisca, who has taken sanctuary with a mutual friend. She is forced to reveal the hide-out and now Francisca is brought in, along with the keeper of the house they were hiding in. There is a trial to address the murder. The women claim it to be justice and plead their case, exposing the evil of 'Malificarum I' and throw their mercy on the court. The court is not so merciful, particularly towards a non-Catholic. The friend is sentenced to 25 lashes and a day in the stocks where the local villagers torment her. Francisca is tied to a cross. The final, long torture is reserved for Mariana, the monstrous Protestant, who is bound to a wheel and spun through a fire pit, the flames licking at her body with each rotation, to be spun until dead. A sudden rainstorm saves her, and as the leather binding her to the wheel loosens with the rain, she's able to slip free, find Mariana and the friend, and together they flee the city, forever searching for their sanctuary. I forgot to mention about Ralphus' comment about Claudia Moscoso. I really liked the attractiveness of the actress who played the Egyptian myself. The one with all the dialog. Hoping for some bound skin out of that one, but oh well. ** Joanne – About your drinking game.I got a better idea. How about we find the words in the story topics.then you take a shot for everyone we find.till you get passed-out drunk. Only to awake to being naked and bound for all us GIMPers. ** Covers – Glad you liked my story idea. Maybe we can get one of the writers here (who would possibly also like the idea) to turn it into a full-fledged story (or screen play). **: Damn Red Riding Hood's cute! Looking like that, it's more probable that she'd attract a whole pack of wolves though. Ralphus wrote (in post 1448): So we finally get settled in here and I decide to do a real poll and guess what? Your side is getting clobbered, and it's my fault? I know I promised to shut up about this, but your reply to my post is so full of misstatements, I have to correct at least a few of the more egregious examples. First, I'm on no one's “side” as this is not an either-or situation. For the umpteenth time, I am NOT suggesting you do away with the guest book format. My proposal is to merely add topics so some of us can sort the entries by subject matter. In essence the poll itself is misleading, because it forces a choice between two options without offering the possibility of both – which is what I am suggesting. Second, although you are right that few board moderators choose to implement the guest book option (which is telling in itself), it remains available on most popular discussion board software. In, you'll note that virtually every one of the 29 offerings has the capability to display a flat (non-threaded) view. Third, I still think the poll on this matter is a good idea. And no, I am not at all surprised the majority of respondents – especially the more frequent visitors – want to keep the current format. Like I said, that's fine by me. What is disappointing, assuming everyone understands the proposal, is that so many do not want to add a feature which would have no impact on them but would make life easier for others. In other words, my beef is not so much with the poll itself, but rather its wording. If a third option – “both of the above” – were included or if the question was “Should topics / threads be added as a feature to the existing format”, perhaps the results would not be so one-sided. Fourth, the search feature does absolutely nothing to organize the recent updates to the board. It's there to help determine if a subject has previously been mentioned or to find it in the archives, not to sort posts by topics readers are unaware of. Fifth, I don't ever recall saying anything was “your fault”. Sixth, if you fear that adding a sort feature will allow folks to more easily skip topics which do not interest them, well that's the whole point. Making selective reading difficult in hopes of generating more fervor for net neutrality is where the annoying part comes in. Obviously I'm not accusing you for doing so deliberately, but the experience of wasting time annoys most of us. As for that Orson Welles (mis)quote if you get the reference, you'll know I was expecting you to find a counter-example just as much as I'd never keep my end of the bet. Anyway, all this is moot until the time comes for the next upgrade. Perhaps that would be a more appropriate time to discuss this (and many other) possible changes enhancements. Howie wrote (in Post 1451): Yup, I pretty much have all of your flicks as well. Go figure, huh? You may have those I mentioned here, most of which are available on Nicheclips, but I'd be quite surprised if you have pretty much all of them. I've commissioned 27 custom videos since my first in 1999. Some are no longer in circulation, some never were, and some have been shunted to dark corners of the 'net where decent folk fear to tread. I wrote about a few of of these custom projects in a post last year. Check in the archives. John mahatma wrote: Hi. New contributor here. Enjoy Indian and native captivity scenarios. Welcome to the board. I love Indian torture, too. I don't think Indians get enough attention around here, at least compared to Nazis or medieval scenarios. Indians were brutal and unrepentant in their tortures to white women; they would come up with all kinds of evil treatments for them and try to prolong their suffering for days, just for the sheer entertainment value. We have a story by Kishkalwa in the More Authors section of GIMP Fiction called that details some of their savagery. I've got a few more that he wrote that are even better somewhere on my hard drive. I'll see if I can add them sometime soon. ------------------------------------- Joanna wrote: Pick 5 random magazines, read the story titles, and take one shot for each time you see any the following words. Those are great. You could add the word 'castle' to that list, too. Check out the we have right now and you can get a match on nearly every one. The fact that the titles were so ridiculously over the top, coupled with those awesome illustrations, is what made them irresistible. If I were a 13-year old kid in a drug store in the 1970s, you can bet I would be saving up my money to buy every issue. If they would sell them to me, that is. And how long would I last? Since I don't drink, I'd have to take shots of ice water. We'll see how long I last before I have to run to the toilet. ------------------------------------- Fritz wrote.my beef is not so much with the poll itself, but rather its wording. If a third option – “both of the above” – were included or if the question was “Should topics / threads be added as a feature to the existing format”, perhaps the results would not be so one-sided. Okay, you still have yet to show me the URL of an actual discussion website that you want to see as the template of this forum. Your list was basically useless because we can't see any of them in action to see how flexible and maneuverable they are. And you have yet to prove me wrong when I say that I have not seen any threaded board with the discussions out in the open.every one I've seen has closed threads where clicking on a subject line was the only way to access them. I really do want to improve this board, but show me an example as to how it could look, compared to what we have now. 1541) Bill K. Ralphus wrote: I really do want to improve this board, but show me an example as to how it could look, compared to what we have now. I would love to oblige you, but you're asking me to find a board that still indulges members who prefer a format that (except for the GIMP and Brian's Page and perhaps a smattering of others) fell by the wayside over 15 years ago. That's like asking me to find a taxi service that provides horse-drawn carriages as well as cars. You can still find places that offer legacy services and products, but not combined with the technologies which replaced them. That said, a flat format discussion board clearly remains an option on forum software, even if few choose to enable it. You might be the only moderator on the 'net to run a joint that caters to both luddites and threadites, but at least you'll keep everyone happy. When the time comes, all it takes is a trial to see whether or not it works. Apparently, migrating between these applications is not as difficult as it seems. If the changes louse things up, you can always revert back to the stone age what you were using previously. All I'm asking is that you (and your tech-savvy advisors) give it a try. 1545) barry mee. Fritz wrote: I would love to oblige you, but you're asking me to find a board that still indulges members who prefer a format that (except for the GIMP and Brian's Page and perhaps a smattering of others) fell by the wayside over 15 years ago. Over 15 years ago? So you're saying when this site was born (15 years ago) we were already using a format that was outdated? Sorry, that doesn't fly. Methinks you may be exaggerating just a wee bit. And earlier you said you read over 20 discussion boards, and implied that offering the 'both of the above' option was feasible. You said 'the format does not have to change – unless adding a topic line to each post is cause for panic. The layout otherwise would be identical in a non-threaded view (which could be the default). Only those who want a topic sort would see things differently.' Okay, give me an example where one can switch off between them. Oh wait, you can't seem to find even one? You also claimed you're on no one's “side” in this poll, which is laughable, since you're the most vocal opponent of the current system, one where you consistently try to imply that we're living in the dark ages by using a format that an overwhelming majority of posters voted in favor of. And this is the final day of the poll, where people have had an entire month to state their side, yet, it's still one of the most lopsided poll questions we've had in recent memory, with the current system blowing away threaded by a good ma. Schutzstaffel: The SS [ ] [ Allegmeine-SS Unit Flag (Item SS 21-2) DESCRIPTION: Here is a fine and 100-percent original SS unit flag used by the SS in various ways. They were flown in front of command units and draped, unfortunately, on coffins, but mostly used in ceremonies. Early on they were used by the Leibstandarte, but also other Allgemeine-SS Standarte. They, of course, came in various sizes depending on the usage. This one that we offer is 59 x 35 inches; an average size and an excellent one for display in a collection. This flag is in very fine condition except that it is soiled, but not stained (simple dirt). We have not washed it, although we feel confident that it could be laundered with no harmful effect. However, for the sake of customer satisfaction, we did do the black-light test on it and, of course, it passed, but if it would be washed in any of the detergents of today, it would glow after such treatment. No harm, just glow! We feel that this should be up to the buyer so we leave them as we get them. Later, when the tragic war broke out, the Waffen-SS used the same style flag for ceremonies and often as unit markings for SS-Panzer division so that friendly aircraft would recognize them. We have seen many pictures of this style flag draped on the back of German tanks. This is a very rare and desirable piece of SS equipment; very seldom encountered in this fine condition. It make an absolutely great background item to set off a fine collection. PRICE: SOLD Third Reich SS Engagement Ring (Item SS 21-2a) DESCRIPTION: As far as can be determined, this is from research accomplished on the engagement ring of the SS. If you read the description for the SS Wedding Ring at, you can be aware that this ring comes from the exact same source and was also produced under the product line of the Hemmerle Company. Also in that article we explain something about how we obtained these rings from the elderly (now deceased) gentleman, who was a jeweler extraordinaire. Like the wedding ring, this engagement ring has also been copied from our original. The engagement ring does not always have a Gahr marking; it depended on if it would have been handled by Gahr or Hemmerle. We were able to secure both types, but the copies were never marked ‘Gahr’ as I have explained about the wedding rings. The actual maker of these rings for several companies, including Gahr and Hemmerle, was in fact the man who originally sold us the rings. He was probably the best private jeweler in the Reich. You can read more about this great purchase on the opening page of Germania under the heading The marking on most of the rings is ‘925’ (the silver designation) and there is an “H” configuration and surely that must be for “Hemmerle.” The Gahr ring is in ‘835’ silver, while the Hemmerle model is ‘925.’ There is no noticeable difference in the look of the silver. It is just that different companies used different silver grades. The Gahr-marked pieces bear the Gahr stamp and the twisted ‘SS’; symbol that was its trademark. As we have stated in the article on the SS Wedding Ring, our German colleague may have some of these in gold, but they would cost much more; not so much because of the higher metal value, but because of its rarity; very few were produced in gold. The design on this ring is the most crisp and detailed of any Third Reich ring. The copies handled by another site do not even approach the fineness of these originals. Each swastika is in such high relief that it could be read in Braille. The Greek design was popular in Hitler’s Reich and could be perceived in official stationery, porcelains, certain flag designs, and in the personal silverware. This is without a doubt the symbolism that was so meaningful to the aspiring engaged couple. The design denotes faithfulness one to the other in an unbroken pattern of endless devotion to each other with the symbol of their belief in the bonding effect of National Socialism (the swastika) as the talisman of faith personified in Führer, Reich, and Fatherland. This ring is the one we are the most proud to offer as a beautiful relic to behold. PRICE: We have 'Gahr' style; only $450.00 SS Wedding Ring (Item SS 21-3) DESCRIPTION: This is the official wedding ring of the Allgemeine-SS that Mr. Donald Boyle, in his great book, SS-Totenkopf H. Himmler Honor Ring 1933-1945, shows one which he identifies as made by the Hemmerle company. Actually, several companies made these rings, to include some of the companies that our now-deceased jeweler contact worked with. Recently, the son of this man contacted us once again with several more rings that he has found among his father’s effects. There has been a very good copy made of this ring and sold on another web site and it was copied from the one in my collection and my only demand was that it was to be clearly presented as a reproduction. There are differences of course, but the major one is that the reproduction has the silver designation “800” on the outside and I would not allow the “Gahr” mark to be used. Yes, these rings were produced by Gahr and evidently finished by the man we met at Stuttgart when the large purchase was consummated. Read about our rings on Germania’s homepage. The authentic ring is in “835” silver and has the “Gahr” logo of twisted runes inside. The SS wedding band, it seems, did not have any distinction between wear by male or female (either could wear it); however, the men who earned it usually wore the Totenkopf honor ring foregoing the wearing of any other ring; so much did the Himmler honor ring mean to them. We have been lucky to acquire some of these and we have now found out that the only exception to the ban against gold that existed in the SS was in the case of the wedding ring and engagement ring. Himmler was against the use of gold in SS or other NSDAP jewelry, but the exception was if a couple chose to have gold wedding rings. It seemed to be allowed in the form of a gold wedding ring. We do not have one (only silver), but we have been told by our German friend that he has a few in gold. This ring in silver is very rare to start with, but in gold (extremely rare), as the SS men actually preferred silver, the metal of the Teutonic “gods.” PRICE: $450.00 These charts are provided so that our customers and researchers can have a better understanding of the runes as used by the SS. The runes on the wedding ring were a sampling of the styles and do not spell out anything in particular. Wedding Ring of the LSSAH (Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler) (Item SS 21-3a; LEIBSS 1-6; SS 36-3) DESCRIPTION: The SS had a special wedding ring and you can see above. This was the official wedding ring of the black Allgemeine SS (Schutzstaffel). The elite SS bodyguard regiment, the Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler, who later became the 1st SS Panzer Division of the Waffen SS had their own distinctive wedding ring similar yet different than the standard type. The Leibstandarte model had the motto of the corps spelled out partially in runic symbols. The motto was ‘Meine Ehre Heisst Treue” or My Honor is Loyalty and these brave men stayed absolutely and resolutely true to these words. The most interesting thing to be seen when viewing this ring is that the letters (E) and (SS) and (T) are done in Teutonic rues; also seen in the sentence is the life rune that looks like a (Y). This is the life rune of the ancients. The Sonnenrad, the sun wheeled Swastika, the Hagel rune and the Ty-rune are seen here. They were crafted in 935 silver for LAH Commander Josef Sep Dietrich. This was an exclusive contract. A few were also made in 800 silver content. There of course will be copies turned out by the usual fakers but ours are the originals and the sharp detail cannot be copied without distorting the finished project modeled by inferior equipment such as rubber lost wax molds. These rings historically were produced in massive dies and then hand finished and you will recognize that perfection immediately! This is the (Ursprünglich stück) “the real thing” and you will surely be very pleased with it. We have a couple of these in size 9 ¼ and a couple in 9 ½ but they are very limited and will be snapped up fast. We have a jeweler here in our town who could size one of these rings but there would be some distortion in the looks and details and I hate to see them changed. It attacks the integrity and the originality of the ring. If you can wear a 9 ¼ to 9 ½ ring you will be most fortunate as this is the ultimate SS ring ranking in importance just below the Totenkopf Honor ring. Of course some collectors have no intention of wearing it. However, if you are planning an SS mating ceremony out under the sacred oak then you are fortunately enriched by having found this listing on the Germania International site. PRICE: $650.00 The Schwarze Korps Grouping Newspaper (Item SS 21-4) DESCRIPTION: Here is a fantastic group of items involving the Schwarze Korps, the official organ of the Allgemeine and later the Waffen-, 1935 to 1945 in that 10-year span. The NSDAP publishing house published 500,000 to 750,000 copies between 1939 and 1944. It was the second largest political weekly of the Reich. The editor, Gunter d’Alquen, was already a very professional journalist when he took the reins. He was born in Essen on October 24, 1910, and at the age of seventeen was enrolled in the SA and was a Hitler Youth leader and then a captain in the. In 1935, he was appointed by -Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler to the post of editor because of his experience as a writer for the official party organ the Volkische Beobachter. Under d’Alquen, the paper frequently attacked liberal intellectuals, leftist students, anti-God scientists, black marketers, and antiwestern elements sparing no enemy of the Reich. This magazine also had articles on the latest war news 1939-1945 and was known for scholarly articles on culture, art, and racial studies. After the war started a special additional section was added often as a separate paper within a paper and this was the Political Soldier, a section devoted to the Waffen-. The three pieces that we offer are: Number 1: An original poster advertising the Schwarze Korps. It is advertised for 15 pfennig and it says Heute Neu (“Today’s News”) and Aus der Neuen Folge. From the new edition, subjects are listed as follows: In the Class War, there is an article about insurance for children. Officials of the Reich, and a Jew as German youth leader. Even more so the illustration that shows a determined and tight-lipped Allgemeine- enlisted man as he passes an angry group composed of a Catholic prelate and two Semitic types. On the back of the frame is a paper clipping showing a group of citizenry looking at an identical poster with a legend that says basically that in the community. The magazine has found many friends and we asked for its inclusion to our reading materials. All the cell wardens also use this paper for advertisements, and we read so gladly and so writes our SS Kamerad and operating chairman. The size of the poster is 22 x 16 inches in the frame, the actual poster is 12 x 18 inches. It’s very dramatic with a message. Number 2: Here is a document on parchment paper from Gunter d’Alquen, the editor and founder of the Schwarze Korps. It is signed by him and also hand signed by Max Amann, the famous Reichsleiter in charge of all NSDAP-connected press. He was born 1891, died 1957. He promoted Hitler’s book Mein Kampf to the point that it outsold every German book ever printed except for the bible. In 1921, he became the Nazi Party’s first business manager. The document says basically: “In acknowledgement of your outstanding achievements in the advancement of the Reich’s propaganda action or drive.” It also says that the recipient is an honorary guest of the Reichsführer- Himmler on the 9th of November 1937 (the Nazi holy day). The guest of honor is shown to be -Sturmbannführer Fritz Ehlers, of Northeim. Ehlers was a Turnverein official. Amman signs as the head of the central office of the NSDAP publishing section (the Franz Eher Verlag). D’Alquen signs as Reichleiter at the head of this document is an embossed eagle and swastika, but although deeply embossed, it must be held in certain light to perceive it. The document in its frame measures 13 x 17 ¼ inches (original frame). Number 3: A framed original copy of the June 24, 1943, issue of the Schwarze Korps newspaper with an opening title of “The Keyword in the War of Nerves.” The framed item is 19 ½ x 13 ½ inches. All the items are in good condition. The poster had been folded at one time in its history as was the 1943 paper, but everything is fine throughout. This is a vastly important grouping, especially item 1 and 2: two important signatures on a very important document to a very prestigious personage (museum pieces). PRICE: $2,850.00 Kampfzeit Ring AH Standarte (Item SS 21-5) DESCRIPTION: This ring was called a Traditionstringe and it was one of the first pre-1933-style rings when the SS-Leibstandarte was still called the Adolf Hitler Standarte, the bodyguard regiment for the future chancellor, who was at that time the “ Führer” of the fledgling NSDAP (German Workers’ Party). Very few of these rings were ever made and the story is that they were given as Christmas gifts to men of the Standarte by their commanding officers in the 1920’s and early 1930’s. I have stated that rings in the Nazi movement and later in the Wehrmacht were never issued. They were always purchased items, except for the famous Himmler Totenkopf honor ring. The ring we show here is the only other one that we could say is an exception to the rule. Since they came from the Storm Troop leaders to their loyal men, it could be construed as an issue of sorts. Now understand, this is not a 1920’s ring we offer here. Being a traditions ring it was one of the ones made by one of the small companies that wanted to preserve the historical design and offer it as an artistic memento of the Kampzeit (struggle for power). The skull in the style of the very early 1920’s design is great! As are the eagles, but under a glass. The birds’ heads are like gargoyles. This was often the case with early designs. However, I see it as nostalgic “Kitch,” and this is what makes it so interesting. It is a great-looking ring with very fine detail even if a little bit leaning to the barbaric, but remember, the toughness of these early Kampfzeit fighters and this ring falls right into place. The ring is in silver and marked appropriately “800” inside the shank. Really, one of the nicest of the plain, silver rings; long before the enameled ones came onto the scene. This was one of the large group of rings procured in Stuttgart. Although this was not one of the models designed by our elderly jeweler, it was one of the groups that he was given in 1941 for finishing. He particularly liked this ring for its definitive style that evoked memories of his own participation in the struggle for power of the SS and NSDAP. PRICE: $450.00 Reinhard Heydrich Presentation Fencing Sculpture (Item SS 21-6; PERS 2-8) DESCRIPTION: Here is an extremely rare figure of a fencer, which was presented to Gruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich in 1936 by a close friend and fellow fencing enthusiast SS-Untersturmführer Kretschmann, who was a ranking officer in the SD Hauptampt and very often was a top-place winner in the fencing competitions. Quoting from the book Reinhard Heydrich, The Biography by Ulrich Publishing: “Whatever drove Heydrich in his official capacity as the head of the vast network of police departments it permeated through his love of sport. He possessed a determination beyond comparison within the ranks of the Black Order to succeed in competition. His love of horse riding, athletics, skiing, swimming, sailing, and shooting was only surpassed by his fervent enthusiasm for flying and over all other, fencing!” Fencing appears to have been his most successful pastime in the sporting arena and was by his own admission his passion even in later years. He would always spend time to exercise his skills before starting his strenuous days of demanding duties in the SD office. At the order of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, the first SS fencing masters tournament was held in the Berlin House of German Sport from November 12 to November 14, 1936. The SD was heavily represented. Heydrich won fifth place in the Rapier Class A and third in the Saber Class A. During the evening of the November 14, in the officers’ mess at the Berlin Lichterfelde Barracks of the SS-Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler, SS-Obergruppenführer Heissmeyer presented the prizes. Heydrich gave a speech emphasizing the importance of fencing in the SS culture. In August 1941, at the Second Wartime German Fencing Championships in Bad Kreutznach, Heydrich was placed fifth out of the top 12 fencers in the entire country and very close to the top for all of Europe. It is noteworthy that Heydrich however pleased with himself, he might be about his many victories he didn’t make much fuss about them. Fellow SS fencers idolized their leading swordsman, which was not surprising since their successful Gruppenführer always offered them encouragement. At the earliest opportunity he would do his utmost to help young up-and-coming fencers and indeed always tried to entice those showing exceptional talent to join the ranks of the SS. Heydrich would stop at nothing to attain the best team for the SS and promoted the idea that good swordsmen would have a good niche in the SS organization. With all of this in mind it seems apropos that SS officers of his command who were fellow fencers would honor the Gruppenführer with gifts and I’m sure he presented such presents in kind. The fencing fraternities in all nations are a very special comradeship and the “SS family” would be no exception (especially the SS!). The fencing figure that we offer here was bought in the Czech Republic from a group of items that had been from Reinhard Heydrich’s office within the walls of the Hradcany Castle, where his office as Reich Protector of Bohemia Moravia was located; more specifically, the Charles Palace within the castle itself. The magnificent sculpture with its wonderful fine detail was no doubt bought by the fencing comrades to give to the chief. The sculpture was at the time a very excellent rendering in bronze, but also an antique of particular note. It was originally produced by Rudolf Küchler of Vienna, Austria, who was know for fabulous human figures, dancers, soldiers, entertainers, and obviously, fencers. Küchler worked in the mid 1800’s and gained much fame for his sculptures in bronze. It was certainly thoughtful for the fraternity of swordsmen to search out such a fine antique knowing that the culture-appreciating Heydrich would be positively enamored of such a priceless gift. Rudulf Küchler was an accomplished artist and he worked for Austrian and German royalty and the best of galleries in the mid-19th century. Some of his works are shown in the set of Abage encyclopedias known as Bronzes Sculptors and Founders, Volume 4, 1800-1930. The marble base measures 1 ½ inches thick and is 15 x 10 ½ inches square. The height with base is 18 inches to top of head. From tip of sword to the hand extended behind is 20 inches. The bronze plinth itself is 11 x 5 inches. The silver presentation plaque is 9 1/2 x 2 inches. The figure alone is 12 inches high. The presentation legend on the silver plaque reads: “ Dem Parteigenossen und Gruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich in treuer Kameradschpft von Deinem fechterfreund SS Untersturmführer kretschmann und den Fechtkameraden 29 Juli 1936. Heil Hitler!,” which translates to: “For party member and Major General Reinhard Heydrich in true comradeship from your fencing friend 2nd Lieutenant SS Kretschmann and the fencing comrades. Heil Hitler.” Untersturmführer Kretschmann was one of Heydrich’s best friends and according to records was the SS master fencing champion in 1936. He was an officer on Heydrich’s Sicherheitsdienst (security service) office staff. This is not only a fantastic historically important relic of SS history, but it belonged to Germany’s greatest policeman, who was at one point a high-ranking official of INTERPOL, and it is a genuine important antique from one of the greatest sculptors of the once-united fatherland. This has to rank up there with the greatest and best offerings ever offered by Germania International, LLC. PRICE: SOLD 1936 Chained Officer’s Dagger (Item SS 21-7) DESCRIPTION: We at Germania always try to have a Model1936 chained mod dagger on hand, but this is almost an impossible task considering how popular they are. No sooner do we list one and, whew!, it’s gone, and they are almost impossible to replace even for us with all our hundreds of worldwide contacts. Anyway, here is one more and it is also a textbook example of the Type II. Everything matches the examples put forth in Tom Wittman’s fine book, Exploring the Dress Daggers and Swords of the German SS. There are several pictures of daggers that are much like this one. This is one of the chains where the skull might be considered downright toothy! In other words, the teeth stand right out there and it doesn’t take a dental technician to find them, even without the aid of a magnifying glass. Wittman mentions this great detail to teeth and background pebbling as since 1936 models are never company marked in their original form. We do not have a clue as to who made it. This dagger has the black-painted scabbard shell, not the anodized one. This would be considered the mid-period dagger with only one screw retaining the center mount and this, of course, is the Type II chain assembly with nickel-plated links and Wotan knot (clover leaf). The fine ebony grip was hand fitted to the top and cross guards. There are small surface cracks on each side of the grip near the cross guard, but they have been there for a lot of years and don’t look like they will go any further. Hardly any noticeable gap between wood and guard is seen on so many examples of Type II dagger shells. As Tom Wittman says on page 123, “The majority of early initial production Mod 1936 chained daggers were produced with a black-painted scabbard, which was fitted with matching nickel-silver chain assembly and scabbard mounts. The chain assembly used with these daggers has come to be termed Type II. The term has nothing to do with vintage, but rather, the chain assembly it represents. The Type I is not quite as prevalent as the Type II and will be seen also on earlier versions, but usually with the blued anodized scabbard finish.” This example we offer is nice through, but generally has a well-used countenance. The scabbard was probably repainted at one time (possibly in the 1930’s or 1940’s). The ball tip, which is often crushed, is perfect. The blade would be described by the experts, like Mr. Wittman, as gray, meaning used. There is a very, very minute knick about an inch up from the cross guard. The anodizing is gone from the wording, but the motto is clear. As far as condition, I’d have to say generally good and average for a 68- to 69-year-old dagger. It deserves to have a good home and certainly would be a great addition to any decent collection. This is a good, honest dagger of the Allgemeine-SS. Yes, it is tired, but original. It was worn proudly and survived some 68 years. It has a blade that is very used, but, again, original to it. The price is completely commensurate with its condition, not its historical importance. This will be a nice addition to any collection or rare NS articles, although it is not the find of the year for the advanced collector, who is looking for the finest-condition daggers possible. If you are just looking for a good, honest example of this much-sought-after SS dagger then this honest relic of the turbulent 1930’s will be a welcome addition to a collection of legitimate relics. Here is a chance to add a really neat Model 36 for a very competitive price. PRICE: SOLD Blood Flag of Nuremberg (Item SS 21-8) DESCRIPTION: This is an original print in a frame 12 x 15 inches. The photograph from which it was made originally depicted the moment of sacred consecration of the new standards by the Führer’s touching the Blutfahne, Blood Flag, to the fabric of each one. With Hitler and holding the sacred symbol is Jakob Grimmenger, the Träger, or carrier, of this the most revered object of the Third German Reich. This, of course, was the flag carried by the men who participated in the famous 1932 Putsch in Munich. The flag fell by the side of the martyrs that November 9th and blood from their wounds permeated its cloth. From that day on the parades and ceremonies commemorating November 9th always included the Blutfahne. The picture is stirring and emotional and one can imagine the strains of Ich hatt’ einen Kameraden being heard and the thunder of cannon each time a standard is blessed. PRICE: $150.00 Equestrian Poster (Item SS 21-9; OLY 6-5) DESCRIPTION: Here is an equestrian picture posting for the 1936 Olympic Games. These were made to be posted outside the gates at the Olympic horse stables and on the blank areas. The organizers of various events would post for the day the trials, demonstrations, and schedules for each. These are one-of-a-kind in that we have only one of each. They are mounted on board and the original owner/collector did this to preserve the items. For original 1936 items, the condition is great with some staining here and there, but the picture portion is great! The line is drawn through to prevent to some extent copies being made by unauthorized individuals who often try to steal Germania’s rare subjects for publication in various forms without our permission. These are originals and as such are very historically important, indeed. This is a poster that would give notice of the equestrian events put on by Allegemeine-SS riders at the 1936 Olympics. The artwork is signed by the artist who uses a strange logo with “v. Ikier” as part of it. Ikier was better at drawing horses than he was at depicting the skull and eagle of the early SS cap, but this comes with artist’s interpretation and license, I guess. It is no less dramatic, however. It measures 17 x 23 inches with some stains in the posting section. PRICE: $450.00; absolutely original Page Twenty-one The ring at the link above is temporarily unavailable, but if interested, send us an email and we will inform you when or if available again. Feel free to link to description and images of this ring. Please refer to item designator in parentheses in all correspondence. Please E-mail for any additional information you may need. If you prefer, contact 'Germania' at PO Box 68, Lakemont, GA 30552 or call at 706.782.1668. Do not call during the wee hours of the morning. The best time for calling us is between 10am and 12 noon and between 9 and 11 pm eastern time. • • • (SS-TV) • (SiPo) until 1939; when folded into the • (SD) • (Orpo) The Schutzstaffel ( SS; also stylized as with; German pronunciation: ( ); literally 'Protection Squadron') was a major organization under and the (NSDAP) in, and later throughout during. It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz ('Hall Security') made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925, joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929–45), it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From 1929 until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe. The two main constituent groups were the (General SS) and (Armed SS). The Allgemeine SS was responsible for enforcing the and general policing, whereas the Waffen-SS consisted of combat units of troops within Nazi Germany's military. A third component of the SS, the (SS-TV), ran the and. Additional subdivisions of the SS included the and the (SD) organizations. They were tasked with the detection of actual or potential enemies of the Nazi state, the neutralization of any opposition, policing the German people for their commitment to, and providing domestic and foreign intelligence. The SS was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of in. Members of all of its branches committed and during World War II (1939–45). The SS was also involved in commercial enterprises and exploited concentration camp inmates as slave labor. After Nazi Germany's defeat, the SS and the NSDAP were judged by the at Nuremberg to be criminal organizations., the highest-ranking surviving SS main department chief, was found guilty of crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and hanged in 1946. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Origins [ ] Forerunner of the SS [ ] By 1923, the (NSDAP) led by had created a small volunteer guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz (Hall Security) to provide security at their meetings in. The same year, Hitler ordered the formation of a small bodyguard unit dedicated to his personal service. He wished it to be separate from the 'suspect mass' of the party, including the paramilitary ('Storm Battalion'; SA), which he did not trust. The new formation was designated the Stabswache (Staff Guard). Originally the unit was composed of eight men, commanded by and, and was modeled after the, a of the time. The unit was renamed (Shock Troops) in May 1923. Supporters and stormtroopers in Munich during the, 1923 The Stoßtrupp was abolished after the failed 1923, an attempt by the NSDAP to seize power in Munich. In 1925, Hitler ordered Schreck to organize a new bodyguard unit, the Schutzkommando (Protection Command). It was tasked with providing personal protection for Hitler at NSDAP functions and events. That same year, the Schutzkommando was expanded to a national organization and renamed successively the Sturmstaffel (Storm Squadron), and finally the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squad; SS). Officially, the SS marked its foundation on 9 November 1925 (the second anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch). The new SS was to provide protection for NSDAP leaders throughout Germany. Hitler's personal SS protection unit was later enlarged to include combat units. Early commanders [ ] Schreck, a founding member of the SA and a close confidant of Hitler, became the first SS chief in March 1925. On 15 April 1926, succeeded him as chief of the SS. Berchtold changed the title of the office to Reichsführer-SS (Reich Leader-SS). Berchtold was considered more dynamic than his predecessor, but became increasingly frustrated by the authority the SA had over the SS. This led to him transferring leadership of the SS to his deputy,, on 1 March 1927. Under Heiden's leadership, a stricter code of discipline was enforced than would have been tolerated in the SA. Between 1925 and 1929, the SS was considered to be a small Gruppe (battalion) of the SA. Except in the Munich area, the SS was unable to maintain any momentum in its membership numbers, which declined from 1,000 to 280 as the SA continued its rapid growth. As Heiden attempted to keep the SS from dissolving, became his deputy in September 1927. Himmler displayed good organizational abilities compared to Heiden. The SS established of (regions or provinces). The SS-Gaus consisted of SS-Gau Berlin, SS-Gau Berlin Brandenburg, SS-Gau Franken, SS-Gau Niederbayern, SS-Gau Rheinland-Süd, and SS-Gau Sachsen. Himmler appointed [ ]. (with glasses, to the left of ) was an early supporter of the NSDAP. With Hitler's approval, Himmler assumed the position of Reichsführer-SS in January 1929. There are differing accounts of the reason for Heiden's dismissal from his position as head of the SS. The party announced that it was for 'family reasons.' Under Himmler, the SS expanded and gained a larger foothold. He considered the SS an elite, ideologically driven National Socialist organization, a 'conflation of, the, and '. His ultimate aim was to turn the SS into the most powerful organization in Germany and most influential branch of the party. He expanded the SS to 3,000 members in his first year as its leader. In 1929, the (main SS office) was expanded and reorganized into five main offices dealing with general administration, personnel, finance, security, and race matters. At the same time, the SS-Gaus were expanded into three SS-Oberführerbereiche areas, namely the SS-Oberführerbereich Ost, SS-Oberführerbereich West, and SS-Oberführerbereich Süd. The lower levels of the SS remained largely unchanged. Although officially still considered a sub-organization of the SA and answerable to the (SA Chief of Staff), it was also during this time that Himmler began to establish the independence of the SS from the SA. The SS grew in size and power due to its exclusive loyalty to Hitler, as opposed to the SA, which was seen as semi-independent and a threat to Hitler's hegemony over the party, mainly because they demanded a 'second revolution' beyond the one that brought the NSDAP to power. By the end of 1933, the membership of the SS reached 209,000. Under Himmler's leadership the SS continued to gather greater power as more and more state and party functions were assigned to its jurisdiction. Over time the SS became answerable only to Hitler, a development typical of the organizational structure of the entire Nazi regime, where legal norms were replaced by actions undertaken under the (leader principle), where Hitler's will was considered to be above the law. In the latter half of 1934, Himmler oversaw the creation of SS-Junkerschule (), institutions where SS officer candidates received leadership training, political and ideological indoctrination, and military instruction. The training stressed ruthlessness and toughness as part of the SS value system, which helped foster a sense of superiority among the men and taught them self-confidence. The first schools were established at and, with additional schools opening at and during the war. Ideology [ ]. Main article: The SS was regarded as the NSDAP's elite unit. In keeping with the, in the early days all SS officer candidates had to provide proof of back to 1750 and for other ranks to 1800. Once the war started and it became more difficult to confirm ancestry, the regulation was amended to just proving the candidate's grandparents were Aryan, as spelled out in the. Other requirements were complete obedience to the Führer and a commitment to the German people and nation. Himmler also tried to institute physical criteria based on appearance and height, but these requirements were only loosely enforced, and over half the SS men did not meet the criteria. Inducements such as higher salaries and larger homes were provided to members of the SS, since they were expected to produce more children than the average German family as part of their commitment to NSDAP doctrine. The crypt at was repurposed by Himmler as a place to memorialize dead SS members. Artwork commemorating the Holocaust hangs on the walls. Commitment to SS ideology was emphasized throughout the recruitment, membership process, and training. Members of the SS were indoctrinated in the racial policy of Nazi Germany, and were taught that it was necessary to remove from Germany people deemed by that policy as inferior. Esoteric rituals and the awarding of regalia and insignia for milestones in the SS man's career suffused SS members even further with Nazi ideology. Members were expected to renounce their Christian faith, and Christmas was replaced with a. Church weddings were replaced with SS Ehewein, a pagan ceremony invented by Himmler. These pseudo-religious rites and ceremonies often took place near SS-dedicated monuments or in special SS-designated places. In 1933, Himmler bought, a castle in. He initially intended it to be used as an SS training centre, but its role came to include hosting SS dinners and neo-pagan rituals. The SS ideology included the application of brutality and terror as a solution to military and political problems. The SS stressed total loyalty and obedience to orders unto death. Hitler used this as a powerful tool to further his aims and those of the NSDAP. The SS was entrusted with the commission of atrocities, illegal activities, and war crimes. Himmler once wrote that an SS man 'hesitates not for a single instant, but executes unquestioningly.' Any Führer-Befehl (Führer order). Their official motto was 'Meine Ehre heißt Treue' (My Honour is Loyalty). As part of its race-centric functions during World War II, the SS oversaw the isolation and displacement of from the populations of the conquered territories, seizing their assets and deporting them to and, where they were used as or immediately killed. Chosen to implement the for Jews and other groups deemed inferior or enemies of the state, the SS led the killing, torture, and enslavement of approximately 12 million people. Most victims were Jews or of or other extraction. A significant number of victims were members of other racial or ethnic groups such as the. The SS was involved in killing people viewed as threats to or NSDAP ideology, including the mentally or physically handicapped, homosexuals, and political dissidents. Members of trade unions and those perceived to be affiliated with groups that opposed the regime (religious, political, social, and otherwise), or those whose views were contradictory to the goals of the NSDAP government, were rounded up in large numbers; these included clergy of all faiths,,,, and members. According to the judgments rendered at the as well as many investigations and trials conducted since then, the SS was responsible for the majority of Nazi war crimes. In particular, it was the primary organization which carried out. Pre-war Germany [ ] After Hitler and the NSDAP came to power on 30 January 1933, the SS were considered a state organization and a branch of the government. Law enforcement gradually became the purview of the SS, and many SS organizations became government agencies. Was Himmler's protégé and a leading SS figure until his assassination in 1942. The SS established a within Nazi Germany, using the secret state police and security forces under Himmler's control to suppress resistance to Hitler. In his role as, had in 1933 created a Prussian force, the Geheime Staatspolizei or, and appointed as its head. Concerned that Diels was not ruthless enough to use the Gestapo effectively to counteract the power of the SA, Göring handed over its control to Himmler on 20 April 1934. Also on that date, in a departure from long-standing German practice that law enforcement was a state and local matter, Hitler appointed Himmler chief of all German police outside Prussia. Himmler named his deputy and protégé chief of the Gestapo on 22 April 1934. Heydrich also continued as head of the (SD; security service). The Gestapo's transfer to Himmler was a prelude to the, in which most of the SA leadership were arrested and subsequently executed. The SS and Gestapo carried out most of the killings. On 20 July 1934, Hitler detached the SS from the SA, which was no longer an influential force after the purge. The SS became an independent elite corps of the NSDAP, answerable only to Hitler. Himmler's title of Reichsführer-SS now became his actual rank, equivalent to the rank of in the army (his previous rank was ). As Himmler's position and authority grew, so did his de facto rank. On 17 June 1936, all police forces throughout Germany were united under the purview of Himmler and the SS. Himmler and Heydrich thus became two of the most powerful men in the country's administration. Police and intelligence forces brought under their administrative control included the SD, Gestapo, (Kripo; criminal investigative police), and (Orpo; regular uniformed police). In September 1939, the security and police agencies, including the (SiPo; security police) and SD (but not the Orpo), were consolidated into the (RSHA), headed by Heydrich. This further increased the collective authority of the SS. In September 1939, the authority of the SS expanded further when the senior SS officer in each military district also became its chief of police. Most of these held the rank of SS- or above, and answered directly to Himmler in all SS matters within their district. Their role was to police the population and oversee the activities of the SS men within their district. By declaring an emergency, they could bypass the district administrative offices for the SS, SD, SiPo, (SS-TV; concentration camp guards), and Orpo, thereby gaining direct operational control of these groups. During (9–10 November 1938), SS security services clandestinely coordinated violence against Jews as the SS, Gestapo, SD, Kripo, SiPo and regular police did what they could to ensure that while Jewish synagogues and community centers were destroyed, Jewish-owned businesses and housing remained intact so that they could later be seized. In the end, thousands of Jewish businesses, homes, and graveyards were vandalized and looted, particularly by members of the SA. Some 500 to 1,000 synagogues were destroyed, mostly by arson. On 11 November, Heydrich reported a death toll of 36 people, but later assessments put the number of deaths at up to two thousand. On Hitler's orders, around 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps by 16 November. It is likely that as many as 2,500 of these people died in the following months. It was at this point that the SS state began in earnest its campaign of terror against political and religious opponents, who they imprisoned without trial or judicial oversight for the sake of 'security, re-education, or prevention'. Hitler's personal bodyguards [ ]. Troop inspection in Berlin of, 1938 As the SS grew in size and importance, so too did Hitler's personal protection units. Three main SS groups were assigned to protect Hitler. In 1933, his larger personal bodyguard unit (previously the ) was called to Berlin to replace the Army Chancellery Guard, assigned to protect the. Commanded the new unit, previously known as SS-Stabswache Berlin; the name was changed to SS-Sonderkommando Berlin. In November 1933, the name was changed to Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler. In April 1934, Himmler modified the name to (LSSAH). The LSSAH guarded Hitler's private residences and offices, providing an outer ring of protection for the Führer and his visitors. LSSAH men manned sentry posts at the entrances to the old and the new Reich Chancellery. The number of LSSAH guards was increased during special events. At the, Hitler's residence in the, a large contingent of the LSSAH patrolled an extensive cordoned security zone. From 1941, forward, the Leibstandarte became four distinct entities, the Waffen-SS division (unconnected to Hitler's personal protection but a formation of the Waffen-SS), the Berlin Chancellory Guard, the SS security regiment assigned to the Obersalzberg, and a Munich-based bodyguard unit which protected Hitler when he visited his personal apartment and the NSDAP headquarters in Munich. Although the unit was nominally under Himmler, Dietrich was the real commander and handled day-to-day administration. Two other SS units composed the inner ring of Hitler's personal protection. The (Escort Command of the Führer), formed in February 1932, served as Hitler's protection escort while he was travelling. This unit consisted of eight men who served around the clock protecting Hitler in shifts. Later the SS-Begleitkommando was expanded and became known as the Führerbegleitkommando (Führer Escort Command; FBK). It continued under separate command and remained responsible for Hitler's personal protection. The (Führer Protection Command; FSK) was a protection unit founded by Himmler in March 1933. Originally it was charged with protecting Hitler only while he was inside the borders of. In early 1934, they replaced the SS-Begleitkommando for Hitler's protection throughout Germany. The FSK was renamed the Reichssicherheitsdienst (Reich Security Service; RSD) in August 1935., chief of the RSD, for the most part took his orders directly from Hitler. The current FBK chief acted as his deputy. Wherever Hitler was in residence, members of the RSD and FBK would be present. RSD men patrolled the grounds and FBK men provided close security protection inside. The RSD and FBK worked together for security and personal protection during Hitler's trips and public events, but they operated as two groups and used separate vehicles. By March 1938, both units wore the standard field grey uniform of the SS. The RSD uniform had the SD diamond on the lower left sleeve. Concentration camps founded [ ]. Former prisoners at pose at the camp crematorium, May 1945 The SS was closely associated with Nazi Germany's concentration camp system. On 26 June 1933, Himmler appointed SS- as of, one of the first. It was created to consolidate the many small camps that had been set up by various police agencies and the NSDAP to house political prisoners. The organizational structure Eicke instituted at Dachau stood as the model for all later concentration camps. After 1934, Eicke was named commander of the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), the SS formation responsible for running the concentration camps under the authority of the SS and Himmler. Known as the 'Death's Head Units', the SS-TV was first organized as several battalions, each based at one of Germany's major concentration camps. Leadership at the camps was divided into five departments: commander and adjutant, political affairs division, protective custody, administration, and medical personnel. By 1935, Himmler secured Hitler's approval and the finances necessary to establish and operate additional camps. Six concentration camps housing 21,400 inmates (mostly political prisoners) existed at the start of the war in September 1939. By the end of the war, hundreds of camps of varying size and function had been created, holding nearly 715,000 people, most of whom were targeted by the regime because of their race. The concentration camp population rose in tandem with the defeats suffered by the Nazi regime; the worse the catastrophe seemed, the greater the fear of subversion, prompting the SS to intensify their repression and terror. SS in World War II [ ] By the outbreak of World War II, the SS had consolidated into its final form, which comprised three main organizations: the Allgemeine SS, SS-Totenkopfverbände, and the, which was founded in 1934 as the (SS-VT) and renamed in 1940. The Waffen-SS evolved into a second German army alongside the and operated in tandem with them, especially with the (German Army). Although SS ranks generally had equivalents in the other services, the SS rank system did not copy the terms and ranks used by the Wehrmacht's branches. Instead it used the ranks established by the post-World War I Freikorps and the SA. This was primarily done to emphasize the SS as being independent from the Wehrmacht. Invasion of Poland [ ]. Polish Jews arrested by the (SD) and police, September 1939 In the September 1939, the LSSAH and SS-VT fought as separate mobile infantry regiments. The LSSAH became notorious for torching villages without military justification. Members of the LSSAH committed atrocities in numerous towns, including the murder of 50 Polish Jews in and the massacre of 200 civilians, including children, who were machine gunned in. Shootings also took place in,,,, and. Some senior members of the Wehrmacht were not convinced the units were fully prepared for combat. Its units took unnecessary risks and had a higher casualty rate than the army. Was quite critical; following an April 1940 visit of the SS-Totenkopf division, he found their battle training was 'insufficient'. Hitler thought the criticism was typical of the army's 'outmoded conception of chivalry.' In its defence, the SS insisted that its armed formations had been hampered by having to fight piecemeal and were improperly equipped by the army. After the invasion, Hitler entrusted the SS with extermination actions codenamed and to remove potential leaders who could form a resistance to German occupation. The killings were committed by (task forces; deployment groups), assisted by local paramilitary groups. Men for the Einsatzgruppen units were drawn from the SS, the SD, and the police. Some 65,000 Polish civilians, including,, scholars, teachers, actors, former officers, and others, were killed by the end of 1939. When the army leadership registered complaints about the brutality being meted out by the Einsatzgruppen, Heydrich informed them that he was acting 'in accordance with the special order of the Führer.' The first systematic mass shooting of Jews by the Einsatzgruppen took place on 6 September 1939 during the attack on. Shoot civilians in, 1939 Satisfied with their performance in Poland, Hitler allowed further expansion of the armed SS formations, but insisted new units remain under the operational control of the army. While the SS-Leibstandarte remained an independent regiment functioning as Hitler's personal bodyguards, the other regiments— SS-Deutschland, SS-Germania, and SS-Der Führer—were combined to form the. A second SS division, the SS-Totenkopf, was formed from SS-TV concentration camp guards, and a third, the, was created from police volunteers. The SS gained control over its own recruitment, logistics, and supply systems for its armed formations at this time. The SS, Gestapo, and SD were in charge of the provisional military administration in Poland until the appointment of as Governor-General on 26 October 1939. Battle of France [ ] On 10 May 1940, Hitler launched the, a major offensive against France and the. The SS supplied two of the 89 divisions employed. The LSSAH and elements of the SS-VT participated in the ground invasion of the. Simultaneously, airborne troops were dropped to capture key Dutch airfields, bridges, and railways. In the five-day campaign, the LSSAH linked up with army units and airborne troops after a number of clashes with Dutch defenders. Himmler inspecting of the in, France, September 1940 SS troops did not take part in the thrust through the and the river. Instead, the SS-Totenkopf was summoned from the army reserve to fight in support of 's as they advanced toward the. On 21 May, the British launched an armored counterattack against the flanks of 7th Panzer Division and SS-Totenkopf. The Germans then trapped the British and French troops in a huge pocket. On 27 May, 4 Company, SS-Totenkopf perpetrated the, where 97 men of the 2nd Battalion, were machine gunned after surrendering, with survivors finished off with. Two men survived. By 28 May the SS-Leibstandarte had taken, 10 miles (16 km) from Dunkirk. There, soldiers of the 2nd Battalion were responsible for the, where 80 British and French soldiers were murdered after they surrendered. According to historian Charles Sydnor, the 'fanatical recklessness in the assault, suicidal defense against enemy attacks, and savage atrocities committed in the face of frustrated objectives' exhibited by the SS-Totenkopf division during the invasion were typical of the SS troops as a whole. At the close of the campaign, Hitler expressed his pleasure with the performance of the SS-Leibstandarte, telling them: 'Henceforth it will be an honour for you, who bear my name, to lead every German attack.' The SS-VT was renamed the Waffen-SS in a speech made by Hitler in July 1940. Hitler then authorized the enlistment of 'people perceived to be of related stock', as Himmler put it, to expand the ranks. A number of Danes, Dutch, Norwegians, Swedes, and Finns volunteered to fight in the Waffen-SS under the command of German officers. They were brought together to form the new division. In January 1941, the SS-Verfügungs Division was renamed SS-Reich Division (Motorized), and was renamed as the when it was reorganized as a division in 1942. Campaign in the Balkans [ ] In April 1941, the German Army and. The LSSAH and Das Reich were attached to separate army., a company commander in the Das Reich, led his men across Yugoslavia to the capital,, where a small group in the vanguard accepted the surrender of the city on 13 April. A few days later Yugoslavia surrendered. SS police units immediately began taking hostages and carrying out reprisals, a practice that became common. In some cases, they were joined by the Wehrmacht. Similar to Poland, the war policies of the Nazis in the Balkans resulted in brutal occupation and racist mass murder. Serbia became the second country (after ) declared (free of Jews). In Greece, the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS encountered resistance from the (BEF) and. The fighting was intensified by the mountainous terrain, with its heavily defended narrow passes. The LSSAH was at the forefront of the German push. The BEF evacuated by sea to, but had to flee again in late May when the Germans arrived. Like Yugoslavia, the conquest of Greece brought its Jews into danger, as the Nazis immediately took a variety of measures against them. Initially confined in ghettos, most were transported to in March 1943, where they were killed in the on arrival. Of Greece's 80,000 Jews, only 20 percent survived the war. War in the east [ ] On 22 June 1941, Hitler launched, the invasion of the. The expanding war and the need to control occupied territories provided the conditions for Himmler to further consolidate the police and military organs of the SS. Rapid acquisition of vast territories in the East placed considerable strain on the SS police organizations as they struggled to adjust to the changing security challenges. The 1st and 2nd SS Infantry Brigades, which had been formed from surplus concentration camp guards of the SS-TV, and the moved into the Soviet Union behind the advancing armies. At first they fought, but by the autumn of 1941, they left the anti-partisan role to other units and actively took part in the Holocaust. While assisting the Einsatzgruppen, they formed firing parties that participated in the liquidation of the Jewish population of the Soviet Union. On 31 July 1941, Göring gave Heydrich written authorization to ensure the cooperation of administrative leaders of various government departments to undertake of the Jews in territories under German control. Heydrich was instrumental in carrying out these exterminations, as the Gestapo was ready to organize deportations in the West and his Einsatzgruppen were already conducting extensive killing operations in the East. On 20 January 1942, Heydrich chaired a meeting, called the, to discuss the implementation of the plan. During battles in Soviet Union in 1941 and 1942, the Waffen-SS suffered enormous casualties. The LSSAH and Das Reich lost over half their troops to illness and combat casualties. In need of recruits, Himmler began to accept soldiers that did not fit the original SS racial profile. In early 1942, SS-Leibstandarte, SS-Totenkopf, and SS-Das Reich were withdrawn to the West to refit and were converted to Panzergrenadier divisions. The SS-Panzer Corps returned to the Soviet Union in 1943 and participated in the in February and March. The Holocaust [ ]. SS men shooting Jews in, 1942 The SS was built on a culture of violence, which was exhibited in its most extreme form by the mass murder of civilians and prisoners of war on the. Augmented by personnel from the Kripo, (Order Police), and Waffen-SS, the Einsatzgruppen reached a total strength of 3,000 men. Einsatzgruppen A, B, and C were attached to,, and; Einsatzgruppe D was assigned to the. The Einsatzgruppe for Special Purposes operated in eastern Poland starting in July 1941. The historian describes them as being 'outside the bounds of morality'; they were 'judge, jury and executioner all in one', with the authority to kill anyone at their discretion. Following Operation Barbarossa, these Einsatzgruppen units, together with the Waffen-SS and Order Police, engaged in the mass killing of the Jewish population in occupied eastern Poland and the Soviet Union. The greatest extent of Einsatzgruppen action occurred in 1941 and 1942 in Ukraine and Russia. Before the invasion there were five million registered Jews throughout the Soviet Union, with three million of those residing in the territories occupied by the Germans; by the time the war ended, over two million of these had been murdered. The extermination activities of the Einsatzgruppen generally followed a standard procedure, with the Einsatzgruppen chief contacting the nearest Wehrmacht unit commander to inform him of the impending action; this was done so they could coordinate and control access to the execution grounds. Initially the victims were shot, but this method proved impracticable for an operation of this scale. Also, after Himmler observed the shooting of 100 Jews at in August 1941, he grew concerned about the impact such actions were having on the mental health of his SS men. He decided that alternate methods of killing should be found, which led to introduction of. However, these were not popular with the men, because removing the dead bodies from the van and burying them was a horrible ordeal. Prisoners or auxiliaries were often assigned to do this task so as to spare the SS men the trauma. Anti-partisan operations [ ] In response to the army's difficulties in dealing with Soviet partisans, Hitler decided in July 1942 to transfer anti-partisan operations to the police. This placed the matter under Himmler's purview. As Hitler had ordered on 8 July 1941 that all Jews were to be regarded as partisans, the term 'anti-partisan operations' was used as a euphemism for the murder of Jews as well as actual combat against resistance elements. In July 1942 Himmler ordered that the term 'partisan' should no longer be used; instead resisters to Nazi rule would be described as 'bandits'. Himmler set the SS and SD to work on developing additional anti-partisan tactics and launched a propaganda campaign. Sometime in June 1943, Himmler issued the (bandit fighting) order, simultaneously announcing the existence of the Bandenkampfverbände (bandit fighting formations), with SS- Obergruppenführer as its chief. Employing troops primarily from the SS police and Waffen-SS, the Bandenkampfverbände had four principal operational components: propaganda, centralized control and coordination of security operations, training of troops, and battle operations. Once the Wehrmacht had secured territorial objectives, the Bandenkampfverbände first secured communications facilities, roads, railways, and waterways. Thereafter, they secured rural communities and economic installations such as factories and administrative buildings. An additional priority was securing agricultural and forestry resources. The SS oversaw the collection of the harvest, which was deemed critical to strategic operations. Any Jews in the area were rounded up and killed. Communists and people of Asiatic descent were killed presumptively under the assumption that they were Soviet agents. Death camps [ ]. Jews from arriving at, 1944 After the start of the war, Himmler intensified the activity of the SS within Germany and in Nazi occupied Europe. An increasing numbers of Jews and German citizens deemed politically suspect or social outsiders were arrested. As the Nazi regime became more oppressive, the concentration camp system grew in size and lethal operation, and grew in scope as the economic ambitions of the SS intensified. Intensification of the killing operations took place in late 1941 when the SS began construction of stationary gassing facilities to replace the use of Einsatzgruppen for mass killings. Victims at these new were killed with the use of carbon monoxide gas from automobile engines. During, run by officers from the Totenkopfverbände, who were sworn to secrecy, three death camps were built in occupied Poland: (operational by March 1942), (operational by May 1942), and (operational by July 1942), with squads of (Eastern European collaborators) overseeing hundreds of prisoners, who were forced to work in the gas chambers and crematoria before being murdered themselves. On Himmler's orders, by early 1942 the concentration camp at Auschwitz was greatly expanded to include the addition of gas chambers, where victims were killed using the pesticide. For administrative reasons, all concentration camp guards and administrative staff became full members of the Waffen-SS in 1942. The concentration camps were placed under the command of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt (; WVHA) under. Served as the, which in 1942 became office 'D' under the WVHA. Exploitation and extermination became a balancing act as the military situation deteriorated. The labor needs of the war economy, especially for skilled workers, meant that some Jews escaped the genocide. On 30 October 1942, due to severe labor shortages, Himmler ordered that large numbers of able-bodied people in the Soviet occupied territories should be taken prisoner and sent to Germany as. By 1944, the SS-TV had been organized into three divisions: staff of the concentration camps in Germany and Austria, in the occupied territories, and of the extermination camps in Poland. By 1944, it became standard practice to rotate SS members in and out of the camps, partly based on manpower needs, but also to provide easier assignments to wounded Waffen-SS members. This rotation of personnel meant that nearly the entire SS knew what was going on inside the concentration camps, making the entire organization liable for war crimes and. Business empire [ ] In 1934, Himmler founded the first SS business venture, Nordland-Verlag, a publishing house that released propaganda material and SS training manuals. Thereafter, he purchased, which then began to produce SS memorabilia. Because of the labor shortage and a desire for financial gain, the SS started exploiting concentration camp inmates as slave labor. Most of the SS businesses lost money until Himmler placed them under the administration of Pohl's Verwaltung und Wirtschaftshauptamt Hauptamt (Administration and Business office; VuWHA) in 1939. Even then, most of the enterprises were poorly run and did not fare well, as SS men were not selected for their business experience, and the workers were starving. In July 1940 Pohl established the (German Businesses Ltd; DWB), an umbrella corporation under which he took over administration of all SS business concerns. Eventually the SS founded nearly 200 holding companies for their businesses. At, inmates were forced to carry heavy granite blocks out of the quarry on the 'Stairs of Death'. In May 1941 the VuWHA founded the Deutsche Ausrüstungswerke GmbH (German Equipment Works; DAW), which was created to integrate the SS business enterprises with the burgeoning concentration camp system. Himmler subsequently established four major new concentration camps in 1941:,,, and. Each had at least one factory or quarry nearby where the inmates were forced to work. Himmler took a particular interest in providing laborers for, which was constructing a synthetic rubber factory. The plant was almost ready to commence production when it was overrun by Soviet troops in 1945. Life expectancy of inmates at Monowitz averaged about three months. This was typical of the camps, as inmates were underfed and lived under disastrously bad living conditions. Their workload was intentionally made impossibly high, under the policy of. In 1942, Himmler consolidated all of the offices for which Pohl was responsible into one, creating the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office ( Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptamt; WVHA). The entire concentration camp system was placed under the authority of the WVHA. The SS owned Sudetenquell GbmH, a mineral water producer in. By 1944, the SS had purchased 75 percent of the mineral water producers in Germany and were intending to acquire a monopoly. Several concentration camps produced building materials such as stone, bricks, and cement for the SS-owned (German Earth And Stone Works; DEST). In the occupied Eastern territories, the SS acquired a monopoly in brick production by seizing all 300 extant brickworks. The DWB also founded the Ost-Deutsche Baustoffwerke (East German Building Supply Works; GmbH or ODBS) and Deutsche Edelmöbel GmbH (German Noble Furniture). These operated in factories the SS had confiscated from Jews and Poles. The SS owned experimental farms, bakeries, meat packing plants, leather works, clothing and uniform factories, and small arms factories. Under the direction of the WVHA, the SS sold camp labor to various factories at a rate of three to six per prisoner per day. The SS confiscated and sold the property of concentration camp inmates, confiscated their investment portfolios and their cash, and profited from their dead bodies by and melting down their dental work to obtain gold from the fillings. The total value of assets looted from the victims of alone (not including Auschwitz) was listed by as 178,745,960.59. Items seized included 2,909.68 kilograms of gold worth 843,802.75 RM, as well as 18,733.69 kg of silver, 1,514 kg of platinum, 249,771.50 American dollars, 130 diamond solitaires, 2,511.87 carats of brilliants, 13,458.62 carats of diamonds, and 114 kg of pearls. According to Nazi legislation, Jewish property belonged to the state, but many SS camp commandants and guards stole items such as diamonds or currency for personal gain, or took seized foodstuffs and liquor to sell on the black market. Military reversals [ ]. A commander of the during the, 1943 On 5 July 1943, the Germans launched the, an offensive designed to eliminate the salient. The Waffen-SS by this time had been expanded to 12 divisions, and most took part in the battle. Due to stiff Soviet resistance, Hitler halted the attack by the evening of 12 July. On 17 July he called off the operation and ordered a withdrawal. Thereafter, the Germans were forced onto the defensive as the began the liberation of Western Russia. The losses incurred by the Waffen-SS and the Wehrmacht during the Battle of Kursk occurred nearly simultaneously with the, opening a two-front war for Germany. Normandy landings [ ] Alarmed by the raids on and in 1942, Hitler had ordered the construction of fortifications he called the all along the Atlantic coast, from Spain to Norway, to protect against an expected Allied invasion. Concrete gun emplacements were constructed at strategic points along the coast, and wooden stakes, metal tripods, mines, and large anti-tank obstacles were placed on the beaches to delay the approach of landing craft and impede the movement of tanks. In addition to several static infantry divisions, eleven panzer and Panzergrenadier divisions were deployed nearby. Four of these formations were Waffen-SS divisions. In addition, the SS-Das Reich was located in, the LSSAH was in Belgium refitting after fighting in the Soviet Union, and the newly formed panzer division, consisting of 17- and 18-year-old members supported by combat veterans and experienced, was stationed west of Paris. The creation of the SS-Hitlerjugend was a sign of Hitler's desperation for more troops, especially ones with unquestioning obedience. Troops of the Waffen-SS guard the in, 21 March 1944. The took place beginning 6 June 1944. Under Generalmajor, positioned south of, was the only panzer division close to the beaches. The division included 146 tanks and 50, plus supporting infantry and artillery. At 02:00, Generalleutnant Wilhelm Richter, commander of the, ordered 21st Panzer Division into position to counter-attack. However, as the division was part of the armoured reserve, Feuchtinger was obliged to seek clearance from before he could commit his formation. Feuchtinger did not receive orders until nearly 09:00, but in the meantime on his own initiative he put together a battle group (including tanks) to fight the British forces east of the. SS-Hitlerjugend began to deploy in the afternoon of 6 June, with its units undertaking defensive actions the following day. They also took part in the (June–August 1944). On 7–8 and 17 June, members of the SS-Hitlerjugend shot and killed twenty Canadian prisoners of war in the. The Allies continued to make progress in the liberation of France, and on 4 August Hitler ordered a counter-offensive () from towards. The operation included LSSAH, Das Reich,, and, with support from infantry and elements of the under. These forces were to mount an offensive near and drive west through Avranches to the coast. The Allied forces were prepared for this offensive, and an air assault on the combined German units proved devastating. On 21 August, 50,000 German troops, including most of the LSSAH, were encircled by the Allies in the. Remnants of the LSSAH which escaped were withdrawn to Germany for refitting. On 25 August, and the last of the German forces withdrew over the by the end of August, ending the Normandy campaign. Battle for Germany [ ] Waffen-SS units which had survived the summer campaigns were withdrawn from the front line to refit. Two of them, the and, did so in the region of Holland in early September 1944. Coincidentally, on 17 September, the Allies launched in the same area, a combined airborne and land operation designed to seize control of the lower. The 9th and 10th Panzers were among the units that repulsed the attack. German infantry travel on foot in the Ardennes, December 1944 In December 1944, Hitler launched the Ardennes Offensive, also known as the, a significant counterattack against the western Allies through the Ardennes with the aim of reaching while encircling the Allied armies in the area. The offensive began with an artillery barrage shortly before dawn on 16 December. Spearheading the attack were two panzer armies composed largely of Waffen-SS divisions. The battle groups found advancing through the forests and wooded hills of the Ardennes difficult in the winter weather, but they initially made good progress in the northern sector. They soon encountered strong resistance from the US and. By 23 December, the weather improved enough that the Allied air forces could attack the German forces and their supply columns, causing fuel shortages. In increasingly difficult conditions, the German advance slowed and was stopped. Hitler's failed offensive cost 700 tanks and most of their remaining mobile forces in the west, as well as most of their irreplaceable reserves of manpower and materiel. During the battle, SS- Obersturmbannführer left a path of destruction, which included Waffen-SS soldiers under his command murdering American and unarmed Belgian civilians in the. Captured SS soldiers who were part of Kampfgruppe Peiper were tried during the following the war for this massacre and several others in the area. Many of the perpetrators were sentenced to hang, but the sentences were commuted. Peiper was imprisoned for eleven years for his role in the killings. American POWs murdered by SS forces led by in the during the (December 1944) In the east, the Red Army resumed their offensive on 12 January 1945. German forces were outnumbered twenty to one in aircraft, eleven to one in infantry, and seven to one in tanks on the Eastern Front. By the end of the month, the Red Army had made bridgeheads across the, the last geographic obstacle before Berlin. The western Allies continued to advance as well, but not as rapidly as the Red Army. The Panzer Corps conducted a successful defensive operation on 17–24 February at the River, stalling the Allied advance towards Vienna. The and made their way towards Austria, but were slowed by damaged railways. Budapest fell on 13 February. Hitler ordered Dietrich's to move into Hungary to protect the oilfields and refineries, which he deemed the most strategically valuable fuel reserves on the Eastern Front. Frühlingserwachsen (), the final German offensive in the east, took place in early March. German forces attacked near Lake Balaton, with 6th SS Panzer Army advancing north towards Budapest and 2nd Panzer Army moving east and south. Dietrich's forces at first made good progress, but as they drew near the Danube, the combination of muddy terrain and strong Soviet resistance brought them to a halt. By 16 March the battle was lost. Enraged by the defeat, Hitler ordered the Waffen-SS units involved to remove their as a mark of disgrace. Dietrich refused to carry out the order. By this time, on both the Eastern and Western Front, the activities of the SS were becoming clear to the Allies, as the concentration and extermination camps were being overrun. Allied troops were filled with disbelief and repugnance at the evidence of Nazi brutality in the camps. On 9 April 1945 fell to the Red Army, and on 13 April Dietrich's SS unit was forced out of Vienna. The began at 03:30 on 16 April with a massive artillery barrage. Within the week, fighting was taking place inside the city. Among the many elements defending Berlin were French, Latvian, and Scandinavian Waffen-SS troops. Hitler, now living in the under the Reich Chancellery, still hoped that his remaining SS soldiers could rescue the capital. In spite of the hopelessness of the situation, members of the SS patrolling the city continued to shoot or hang soldiers and civilians for what they considered to be acts of cowardice or defeatism. The Berlin garrison surrendered on 2 May, two days after. As members of SS expected little mercy from the Red Army, they attempted to move westward to surrender to the western Allies instead. SS units and branches [ ] Reich Main Security Office [ ] Heydrich held the title of Chef des Sicherheitspolizei und SD (Chief of the Security Police and SD) until 27 September 1939, when he became chief of the newly established (RSHA). From that point forward, the RSHA was in charge of SS security services. It had under its command the SD, Kripo, and Gestapo, as well as several offices to handle finance, administration, and supply., who had been chief of operations for the Gestapo, was appointed Gestapo chief at this time. Was chief of the Kripo, and the two branches of SD were commanded by a series of SS officers, including and. The SD was considered an elite branch of the SS, and its members were better educated and typically more ambitious than those within the ranks of the Allgemeine SS. Members of the SD were specially trained in criminology, intelligence, and counter-intelligence. They also gained a reputation for ruthlessness and unwavering commitment to Nazi ideology. Heydrich was attacked in Prague on 27 May 1942 by a British-trained team of Czech and Slovak soldiers who had been sent by the to kill him in. He died from his injuries a week later. Himmler ran the RSHA personally until 30 January 1943, when Heydrich's positions were taken over. SS-Sonderkommandos [ ] Beginning in 1938 and throughout World War II, the SS enacted a procedure where offices and units of the SS could form smaller sub-units, known as SS-Sonderkommandos, to carry out special tasks, including large-scale murder operations. The use of SS-Sonderkommandos was widespread. According to former SS, not even the SS leadership knew how many SS-Sonderkommandos were constantly being formed, disbanded, and reformed for various tasks, especially on the Eastern Front. A SS-Sonderkommando unit led by SS-Sturmbannführer murdered 1,201 psychiatric patients at the psychiatric hospital in the, 1,100 patients in, 2,750 patients at, and 1,558 patients at, as well as hundreds of Poles at, where the mobile gas van and gassing bunker were developed. In 1941–42, SS-Sonderkommando Lange set up and managed the first extermination camp, at, where 152,000 Jews were killed using gas vans. After the in February 1943, Himmler realised that Germany would likely lose the war, and ordered the formation of, a special task force under SS-. The unit's assignment was to visit mass graves on the Eastern Front to exhume bodies and burn them in an attempt to cover up the genocide. The task remained unfinished at the end of the war, and many mass graves remain unmarked and unexcavated. The Eichmann Sonderkommando was a task force headed by that arrived in Budapest on 19 March 1944, the same day that. Their task was to take a direct role in the deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz. The SS-Sonderkommandos enlisted the aide of elements from the Hungarian gendarmerie and pro-German administrators from within the Hungarian Interior Ministry. Round-ups began on 16 April, and from 14 May, four trains of 3,000 Jews per day left Hungary and travelled to the camp at Auschwitz II-Birkenau, arriving along a newly built spur line that terminated a few hundred metres from the gas chambers. Between 10 and 25 percent of the people on each train were chosen as forced laborers; the rest were killed within hours of arrival. Under international pressure, the Hungarian government halted deportations on 6 July 1944, by which time over 437,000 of Hungary's 725,000 Jews had died. Einsatzgruppen [ ]. SS killings in, 1941. A teenage boy is brought to view his dead family before being shot himself. The had its origins in the ad hoc Einsatzkommando formed by Heydrich following the in Austria in March 1938. Two units of Einsatzgruppen were stationed in the in October 1938. When military action turned out not to be necessary because of the, the Einsatzgruppen were assigned to confiscate government papers and police documents. They secured government buildings, questioned senior civil servants, and arrested as many as 10,000 Czech communists and German citizens. The Einsatzgruppen also followed Wehrmacht troops and killed potential partisans. Similar groups were used in 1939 for the. Hitler felt that the planned extermination of the Jews was too difficult and important to be entrusted to the military. In 1941 the Einsatzgruppen were sent into the Soviet Union to begin large-scale genocide of Jews,, and communists. Historian estimates that between 1941 and 1945 the Einsatzgruppen and related agencies killed more than two million people, including 1.3 million Jews. The largest mass shooting perpetrated by the Einsatzgruppen was at outside, where 33,771 Jews were killed in a single operation on 29–30 September 1941. In the (November–December 1941), 25,000 victims from the were killed. Another mass shooting early in 1942 claimed the lives of over 10,000 Jews in. The last Einsatzgruppen were disbanded in mid-1944 (although some continued to exist on paper until 1945) due to the German retreat on both fronts and the consequent inability to continue extermination activities. Former Einsatzgruppen members were either assigned duties in the Waffen-SS or concentration camps. Twenty-four Einsatzgruppen commanders were tried for war crimes following the war. SS Court Main Office [ ] The ( Hauptamt SS-Gericht) was an internal legal system for conducting investigations, trials, and punishment of the SS and police. It had more than 600 lawyers on staff in the main offices in Berlin and Munich. Proceedings were conducted at 38 regional SS courts throughout Germany. It was the only authority authorized to try SS personnel, except for SS members who were on active duty in the Wehrmacht (in such cases, the SS member in question was tried by a standard military tribunal). Its creation placed the SS beyond the reach of civilian legal authority. Himmler personally intervened as he saw fit regarding convictions and punishment. The historian describes this court system as one factor in the creation of the Nazi totalitarian police state, as it removed objective legal procedures, rendering citizens defenseless against the 'summary justice of the SS terror.' SS Cavalry [ ] Shortly after Hitler seized power in 1933, most horse riding associations were taken over by the SA and SS. Members received combat training to serve in the Reiter-SS (SS Cavalry Corps). The first SS cavalry regiment, designated SS-Totenkopf Reitstandarte 1, was formed in September 1939. Commanded by then SS- Standartenführer, the unit was assigned to Poland, where they took part in the extermination of Polish intelligentsia. Additional squadrons were added in May 1940, for a total of fourteen. The unit was split into two regiments in December 1939, with Fegelein in charge of both. By March 1941 their strength was 3,500 men. In July 1941, they were assigned to the, tasked with rounding up and exterminating Jews and partisans. The two regiments were amalgamated into the on 31 July, twelve days after the operation started. Fegelein's final report, dated 18 September 1941, states that they killed 14,178 Jews, 1,001 partisans, and 699 Red Army soldiers, with 830 prisoners taken. The historian Henning Pieper estimates the actual number of Jews killed was closer to 23,700. The SS Cavalry Brigade took serious losses in November 1941 in the, with casualties of up to 60 per cent in some squadrons. Fegelein was appointed as commander of the on 20 April 1943. This unit saw service in the Soviet Union in attacks on partisans and civilians. In addition, SS Cavalry regiments served in Croatia and Hungary. SS Medical Corps [ ]. Main article: The SS Medical Corps were initially known as the Sanitätsstaffel (sanitary units). After 1931, the SS formed the headquarters office Amt V as the central office for SS medical units. An SS medical academy was established in Berlin in 1938 to train Waffen-SS physicians. SS medical personnel did not often provide actual medical care; their primary responsibility was medicalized genocide. At Auschwitz, about three-quarters of new arrivals, including almost all children, women with small children, all the elderly, and all those who appeared on brief and superficial inspection by an SS doctor not to be completely fit were killed within hours of arrival. In their role as Desinfektoren (disinfectors), SS doctors also made selections among existing prisoners as to their fitness to work, and supervised the killing of those deemed unfit. Inmates in deteriorating health were examined by SS doctors, who decided whether or not they would be able to recover in less than two weeks. Those too ill or injured to recover in that time frame were killed. At Auschwitz, the actual delivery of gas to the victims was always handled by the SS, on the order of the supervising SS doctor. Many of the SS doctors also conducted inhumane medical experiments on camp prisoners. The most infamous SS doctor,, served as a medical officer at Auschwitz under the command of of the camp's medical corps. Mengele undertook selections even when he was not assigned to do so in the hope of finding subjects for his experiments. He was particularly interested in locating sets of twins. In contrast to most of the doctors, who viewed undertaking selections as one of their most stressful and horrible duties, Mengele undertook the task with a flamboyant air, often smiling or whistling a tune. After the war, many SS doctors were charged with war crimes for their inhumane medical experiments and for their role in gas chamber selections. Other SS units [ ] Ahnenerbe [ ] The (Ancestral Heritage Organization) was founded in 1935 by Himmler, and became part of the SS in 1939. It was an umbrella agency for more than fifty organizations tasked with studying the German racial identity and ancient Germanic traditions and language. The agency sponsored archaeological expeditions in Germany, Scandinavia, the Middle East, Tibet, and elsewhere to search for evidence of Aryan roots, influence, and superiority. Further planned expeditions were postponed indefinitely at the start of the war. SS-Frauenkops [ ] The SS-Frauenkops was an auxiliary reporting and clerical unit, which included the SS-Helferinnenkorps (Women Helper Corps), made up of female volunteers. Members were assigned as administrative staff and supply personnel, and served in command positions and as guards at women's concentration camps. Like their male equivalents in the SS, females participated in atrocities against Jews, Poles, and others. In 1942, Himmler set up the Reichsschule für SS Helferinnen (Reich school for SS helpers) in to train women in communications so that they could free up men for combat roles. Himmler also intended to replace all female civilian employees in his service with SS-Helferinnen members, as they were selected and trained according to NSDAP ideology. The school was closed on 22 November 1944 due to the Allied advance. SS-Mannschaften [ ] The SS-Mannschaften (Auxiliary-SS) were not considered regular SS members, but were conscripted from other branches of the German military, the NSDAP, SA, and the for service in concentration camps and extermination camps. Foreign legions and volunteers [ ]. See also: Beginning in 1940, Himmler opened up Waffen-SS recruiting to ethnic Germans that were not German citizens. In March 1941, the SS Main Office established the Germanische Leitstelle (Germanic Guidance Office) to establish Waffen-SS recruiting offices in Nazi-occupied Europe. The majority of the resulting foreign Waffen-SS units wore a distinctive national collar patch and preceded their SS rank titles with the prefix Waffen instead of SS. Volunteers from Scandinavian countries filled the ranks of two divisions, the SS-Wiking and. Belgian Flemings joined Dutchmen to form the legion, and their Walloon compatriots joined the. By the end of 1943 about a quarter of the SS were ethnic Germans from across Europe, and by June 1944, half the Waffen-SS were foreign nationals. Greeting Bosniak SS volunteers before their departure to the Eastern Front, 1943 Additional Waffen-SS units were added from the, from, Serbians, Croatians,, and Tatars. The Ukrainians and Tatars, who had suffered persecution under, were likely motivated primarily by opposition to the Soviet government rather than ideological agreement with the SS. The exiled Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was made an SS- Gruppenführer by Himmler in May 1943. He subsequently used antisemitism and anti-Serb racism to recruit a Waffen-SS division of, the. The year-long Soviet at the beginning of World War II resulted in volunteers for and Waffen-SS units. The had 1,280 volunteers under training by the end of 1942. Approximately 25,000 men served in the Estonian SS division, with thousands more conscripted into Police Front battalions and border guard units. Most of the Estonians were fighting primarily to regain their independence and as many as 15,000 of them died fighting alongside the Germans. In early 1944, Himmler even contacted Pohl to suggest releasing Muslim prisoners from concentration camps to supplement his SS troops. The was a Wehrmacht unit formed in August 1942 chiefly from disaffected Indian soldiers of the captured in the. In August 1944 it was transferred to the auspices of the Waffen-SS as the Indische Freiwilligen-Legion der Waffen-SS. There was also a French volunteer division,, which was formed in 1944 mainly from the remnants of the and French Sturmbrigade. Ranks and uniforms [ ]. See also: The SS established its own symbolism, rituals, customs, ranks and uniforms to set itself apart from other organizations. Before 1929, the SS wore the same brown uniform as the SA, with the addition of a black tie and a black cap with a (death's head) skull and bones symbol, moving to an all-black uniform in 1932. In 1935, the SS combat formations adopted a service uniform in field grey for everyday wear. The SS also developed its own field uniforms, which included reversible smocks and helmet covers printed with patterns. Uniforms were manufactured in hundreds of licensed factories, with some workers being prisoners of war performing forced labor. Many were produced in concentration camps. Hitler and the NSDAP understood the power of emblems and insignia to influence public opinion. The stylized lightning bolt logo of the SS was chosen in 1932. The logo is a pair of runes from a set of 18 created by in 1906. It is similar to the ancient rune, which symbolizes the sun, but was renamed as 'Sig' (victory) in List's iconography. The Totenkopf symbolized the wearer's willingness to fight unto the death, and also served to frighten the enemy. SS membership estimates 1925–45 [ ] After 1933 a career in the SS became increasingly attractive to Germany's social elite, who began joining the movement in great numbers, usually motivated by political opportunism. By 1938 about one-third of the SS leadership were members of the. The trend reversed after the first Soviet counter-offensive of 1942. Year Membership Reichsführer-SS 1900♠200 1900♠200 1900♠200 1900♠280 Erhard Heiden 1900♠1,000 1900000♠52,000 (the bandwagon effect) Heinrich Himmler (establishment of the Third Reich) 1900000♠240,000 Heinrich Himmler 1900000♠800,000 Heinrich Himmler 1944–45 Unknown Heinrich Himmler and SS offices [ ] By 1942 all activities of the SS were managed through twelve main offices. • • (SS-HA) • (SS Main Operational Office; SS-FHA) • (RSHA) • (WVHA) • (Main Office of the Order Police) • • (SS Office of Race and Settlement; RuSHA) • • (Racial German Assistance Main Office; VOMI) • • Main Office of the (RKFDV) Austrian SS [ ]. Main article: The term 'Austrian SS' is often used to describe that portion of the SS membership from Austria, but it was never a recognized branch of the SS. In contrast to SS members from other countries, who were grouped into either the Germanic-SS or the Foreign Legions of the Waffen-SS, Austrian SS members were regular SS personnel. It was technically under the command of the SS in Germany, but often acted independently concerning Austrian affairs. The Austrian SS was founded in 1930 and by 1934 was acting as a covert force to bring about the with Germany, which occurred in March 1938. Early Austrian SS leaders were Kaltenbrunner and. Austrian SS members served in every branch of the SS. Political scientist David Art of notes that Austrians constituted 8 percent of the Third Reich's population and 13 percent of the SS; he states that 40 percent of the staff and 75 percent of commanders at death camps were Austrian. After the Anschluss, the Austrian SS was folded into. The third regiment of the SS-Verfügungstruppe ( Der Führer) and the fourth Totenkopf regiment ( Ostmark) were recruited in Austria shortly thereafter. On Heydrich's orders, mass arrests of potential enemies of the Reich began immediately after the Anschluss. Was the first concentration camp opened in Austria following the Anschluss. Before the invasion of the Soviet Union, Mauthausen was the harshest of the camps in the Greater German Reich. The was transformed into Gestapo headquarters in Vienna in April 1938. With a staff of 900 (80 percent of whom were recruited from the Austrian police), it was the largest Gestapo office outside Berlin. An estimated 50,000 people were interrogated or tortured there. The Gestapo in Vienna was headed by, who also served as chief of the. Although its de facto leaders were and later, Huber was nevertheless responsible for the mass deportation of Austrian Jews. Post-war activity and aftermath [ ]. 16 March 2008 Following Nazi Germany's collapse, the SS ceased to exist. Numerous members of the SS, many of them still committed Nazis, remained at large in Germany and across Europe. On 21 May 1945, the British captured Himmler, who was in disguise and using a false passport. At an internment camp near, he committed suicide by biting down on a cyanide capsule. Several other leading members of the SS fled, but some were quickly captured. Kaltenbrunner, chief of the RSHA and the highest-ranking surviving SS main department chief upon Himmler's suicide, was captured and arrested in the. He was among the 24 defendants put on trial at the in 1945–46. Some SS members were subject to summary execution, torture, and beatings at the hands of freed prisoners, displaced persons, or Allied soldiers. American soldiers of the 157th Regiment, who entered the concentration camp at Dachau in April 1945 and saw the human deprivation and cruelty committed by the SS,. On 15 April 1945, British troops entered Bergen-Belsen. They placed the SS guards on starvation rations, made them work without breaks, forced them to deal with the remaining corpses, and stabbed them with bayonets or struck them with their rifle butts if they slowed their pace. Some members of the delivered captured SS camp guards to displaced persons camps, where they knew they would be subject to summary execution. International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg [ ]. Ernst Kaltenbrunner after execution by hanging on 16 October 1946 The Allies commenced legal proceedings against captured Nazis, establishing the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg in 1945. The first trial of 24 prominent figures such as Göring,,,,, and Kaltenbrunner took place beginning in November 1945. They were accused of four counts: conspiracy, waging a war of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity in violation of international law. Twelve received the death penalty, including Kaltenbrunner, who was convicted of crimes against humanity and executed on 16 October 1946. The former commandant at Auschwitz,, who testified on behalf of Kaltenbrunner and others, was tried and executed in 1947. Additional SS trials and convictions followed. Many defendants attempted to exculpate themselves using the excuse that they were merely following, which they had to obey unconditionally as part of their sworn oath and duty. The courts did not find this to be a legitimate defense. A trial of 40 SS officers and guards from Auschwitz took place in Kraków in November 1947. Most were found guilty, and 23 received the death penalty. In addition to those tried by the Western allies, an estimated 37,000 members of the SS were tried and convicted in Soviet courts. Sentences included hangings and long terms of hard labor., the director of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum, estimates that of the 70,000 members of the SS involved in crimes in concentration camps, only about 1,650 to 1,700 were tried after the war. The International Military Tribunal declared the SS a criminal organization in 1946. Passport under the name of 'Ricardo Klement' that used to enter Argentina in 1950 After the war, many former Nazis fled to South America, especially to Argentina, where they were welcomed by 's regime. In the 1950s, former Dachau inmate Lothar Hermann discovered that resident Ricardo Klement was in fact Adolf Eichmann, who had in 1948 obtained false identification and a landing permit for Argentina through an organization directed by Bishop, an Austrian cleric with Nazi sympathies then residing in Italy. Eichmann was captured in Buenos Aires on 11 May 1960 by, the intelligence agency. At his trial in Jerusalem in 1961, he was found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging. Eichmann was quoted as having stated, 'I will jump into my grave laughing, because the fact that I have the death of five million Jews [or Reich enemies, as he later claimed to have said] on my conscience gives me extraordinary satisfaction.' , the commandant of Treblinka, also escaped to South America with the assistance of Hudal's network. He was deported to Germany in 1967 and was sentenced to life in prison in 1970. He died in 1971. Mengele, worried that his capture would mean a death sentence, fled Germany on 17 April 1949. Assisted by a network of former SS members, he traveled to, where he obtained a passport under the alias 'Helmut Gregor' from the. He sailed to Argentina in July. Aware that he was still a wanted man, he moved to Paraguay in 1958 and Brazil in 1960. In both instances he was assisted by former pilot. Mengele suffered a stroke while swimming and drowned in 1979. Thousands of Nazis, including former SS members such as Trawniki guard and Circassian collaborator, fled to the United States under the guise of refugees, sometimes using forged documents. Other SS men, such as Soobzokov, SD officer, Eichmann aide, and accused war criminal Theodor Saevecke, were employed by American intelligence agencies against the Soviets. As CIA officer Harry Rositzke noted, 'It was a visceral business of using any bastard so long as he was anti-Communist. The eagerness or desire to enlist collaborators means that sure, you didn't look at their credentials too closely.' Similarly, the Soviets used SS personnel after the war; Operation Theo, for instance, disseminated 'subversive rumours' in Allied-occupied Germany. And others have speculated about the existence of a Nazi fugitive network code-named (an acronym for Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, Organization of former SS members) that allegedly helped war criminals find refuge in. British writer, who conducted interviews with SS men, considers the story untrue and attributes the escapes to postwar chaos and Hudal's Vatican-based network. While the existence of ODESSA remains unproven, Sereny notes that 'there certainly were various kinds of Nazi aid organizations after the war — it would have been astonishing if there hadn't been.' See also [ ] • • • • • References [ ] Informational notes. •, pp. 14, 16. •, pp. 26–29. •, pp. 17, 19. • ^, pp. 45–46. •, pp. 32–33. • ^, pp. 272–273. •, pp. 45–47, 300–305. •, pp. 308–314. •, pp. 196–197. •, pp. 146, 147. • ^, pp. 82, 93. •, pp. 62–67. •, pp. 63–65. •, pp. 148–149. •, pp. 65–66. •, pp. 150–151. •, pp. 111–113. •, pp. 60–61. •, pp. 66–71. •, pp. 13–14. •, pp. 313, 316. •, pp. 9, 17, 26–27, 30, 46–47. •, pp. 814–815. •, pp. 70–71. •, pp. 144, 148, 169, 176–177. •, pp. 512–514. •, pp. 61–62. •, pp. 102–108. •, pp. 9, 12, 17–19. •, pp. 157, 160, 165. •, pp. 181–186. •, pp. 17–19. •, pp. 157, 160, 165, 166, 181–186. •, pp. 19, 33. •, pp. 32, 48, 57. •, pp. 36–48. •, pp. 32–33. •, pp. 36, 48. •, pp. 128–129. •, pp. 106–108. •, pp. 366–367. •, pp. 108–109. •, pp. 114, 159–161. •, pp. 144–145. •, pp. 14–15. •, pp. 109–111. •, pp. 33–35. • ^, pp. 150, 153. •, pp. 213–214. •, pp. 77, 104. •, pp. 162, 163. •, pp. 110–111. •, pp. 163, 165. •, pp. 163–166. •, pp. 696–697. •, pp. 69–70, 94–108. • ^, pp. 159–160. •, pp. 118–119. •, pp. 256–257. •, pp. 70–71. •, pp. 626, 629. •, pp. 71–77. •, pp. 152–154. •, pp. 628–629. •, pp. 26–27. •, pp. 279–280. •, pp. 283, 287, 290. •, pp. 295, 299–300. • ^, pp. 182–183. •, pp. 174–175. •, pp. 258–263. •, pp. 119, 120. •, pp. 312–313. •, pp. 480–481. •, pp. 114–115. •, pp. 115–116. •, pp. 488–489. •, pp. 68, 70. •, pp. 54–56. •, pp. 12, 13. •, pp. 60, 63, 122, 275. •, pp. 399–400. •, pp. 222–223. •, pp. 1085–1086. •, pp. 439–442. •, pp. 765–766. •, pp. 767–769. •, pp. 167–168. •, pp. 542–548. •, pp. 50–55. •, pp. 328, 330, 338. •, pp. 364–365. •, pp. 248–249. •, pp. 494–495. •, pp. 495–496. •, pp. 188–190. •, pp. 258–260, 262. •, pp. 168, 172. •, p. 160, 183. •, pp. 405, 412. •, pp. 120–123. •, pp. 210–214. •, pp. 37, 40, 41. •, pp. 224–225. •, pp. 52–53. •, pp. 81–90. •, pp. 81–82. •, pp. 119–120. •, pp. 146–147. •, pp. 225–230. •, pp. 235–237. •, pp. 148–149. •, pp. 248–249. •, pp. 294–296. •, pp. 132–133. •, pp. 128–131, 139, 142. •, pp. 223–244. •, pp. 108–109. •, pp. 223–224. •, pp. 212–213. •, pp. 214–219. •, pp. 272–273. •, pp. 321–323. •, pp. 200–204. •, pp. 264–266. •, pp. 93–94. •, pp. 326–330. •, pp. 88–92. •, pp. 132–134 and note 13. •, pp. 13–21. •, pp. 205–206. •, pp. 120–121. •, pp. 739–741. •, pp. 803–804. •, pp. 565–568. •, pp. 83–84. •, pp. 84–87. •, pp. 741–742. •, pp. 240–241. •, pp. 743–744. •, pp. 143–144. •, pp. 746–747. •, pp. 264–265. •, pp. 269, 273. •, pp. 294–295. •, pp. 2–3, 10–11. •, pp. 29–30, 32–37, 67–68. •, pp. 131–143. •, pp. 106–108. • Allen, Michael Thad (2002). 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Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.. • Fritz, Stephen (2004). Endkampf: Soldiers, Civilians, and the Death of the Third Reich. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.. • Fritz, Stephen (2011). Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.. • Frusetta, James (2012). 'The Final Solution in Southwestern Europe'. In The Routledge History of the Holocaust. New York: Taylor & Francis. CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list () • (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.. • Givhan, Robin (15 August 1997)... The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 February 2016. • Glantz, David (11 October 2001). Strom Thurmond Institute of Government and Public Affairs,. • Gruner, Wolf (2012). 'Forced Labor in Nazi Anti-Jewish Policy, 1938–45'. In The Routledge History of the Holocaust. New York: Taylor & Francis. Hitler's Foreign Executioners: Europe's Dirty Secret. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press.. • Headland, Ronald (1992). Messages of Murder: A Study of the Reports of the Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and the Security Service, 1941–1943. Rutherford, N.J: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.. •; Naumann, Klaus (2000). War of Extermination: The German Military in World War II 1941–1944. New York: Berghahn.. • Hein, Bastian (2015). Die SS: Geschichte und Verbrechen (in German). • Hellwinkel, Lars (2014). Hitler's Gateway to the Atlantic: German Naval Bases in France 1940–1945. Barnsley: Seaforth.. The Destruction of the European Jews. New York: Holmes & Meier.. The Third Reich. London; New York: Routledge.. Die Schutzstaffel als antibolschewistische Kampforganisation (in German). Munich: Franz Eher. Hitler's Personal Security: Protecting the Führer 1921–1945. New York: Da Capo.. The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS. New York: Penguin.. • Ingrao, Christian (2013). Believe and Destroy: Intellectuals in the SS War Machine. Malden, MA: Polity.. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. • International Military Tribunal (1950). 'Report on the Administrative Development of Operation Reinhardt: Document NO-059: Odilo Globocnik, January 1944. Attachment NO-062: Detailed List of Money, Precious Metals, Jewels, Other Valuables, and Textiles'. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. • Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf (1999). 'The Structure of Nazi Foreign Policy, 1933–1945'. In Christian Leitz, ed. The Third Reich: The Essential Readings. Oxford: Blackwell.. CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list () • (1999). The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, The Evidence, The Truth. London: Brockhampton Press.. Hitler: 1936–1945, Nemesis. Norton & Company.. • Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. Norton & Company.. • Kershaw, Ian (2011). The End: The Defiance and Destruction of Hitler's Germany, 1944–1945. New York; Toronto: Penguin.. • Koehl, Robert (2004). The SS: A History 1919–45. Stroud: Tempus.. • Krausnik, Helmut (1968). 'The Persecution of the Jews'. In Krausnik, Helmut; Buchheim, Hans; Broszat, Martin; Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf. Anatomy of the SS State. New York: Walker and Company.. •; Wedemeyer-Kolwe, Bernd (2009). Vergessen, verdrängt, abgelehnt – Zur Geschichte der Ausgrenzung im Sport (in German). Münster: Lit Verlag.. • Langerbein, Helmut (2003). Hitler's Death Squads: The Logic of Mass Murder. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.. •; Baumel, Judith Tydor (2001). The Holocaust Encyclopedia. New Haven; London: Yale University Press.. • (2006) [1993]. Nazi Hunter: The Wiesenthal File (Revised 2002 ed.). London: Constable & Robinson.. The Nazis Next Door. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.. • (21 July 1985).. The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2014. The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. New York: Basic Books.. • Lifton, Robert Jay; Hackett, Amy (1994). 'The Auschwitz Prisoner Administration'. In Gutman, Yisrael; Berenbaum, Michael. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.. • Longerich, Peter (2012). Heinrich Himmler: A Life. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.. Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II. New York: Picador.. • Lower, Wendy (2013). Hitler's Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.. After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation. New York: Basic Books.. • Mang, Thomas (2003). [Head Gestapo Agency of Vienna: 'My name is Huber'] (PDF). Döw Mitteilungen (in German). Documentationsarchiv des Österreichischen Widerstands. • Manning, Jeanne (1999). A Time to Speak. Paducah, KY: Turner.. • Mattson, Gregory L. SS-Das Reich: The History of the Second SS Division, 1944–45. Amber Books.. Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe. New York; Toronto: Penguin.. • McNab, Chris (2009). The SS: 1923–1945. London: Amber Books.. • McNab, Chris (2013). Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939–45. • Messenger, Charles (2001). Hitler's Gladiator: The Life and Military Career of Sepp Dietrich. London: Brassey's.. • Michael, Robert; Doerr, Karin (2002). Nazi-Deutsch/Nazi-German: An English Lexicon of the Language of the Third Reich. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.. • Miller, Michael (2006). Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender.. • Miller, Michael; Schulz, Andreas (2012). Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders Of The Nazi Party And Their Deputies, 1925–1945. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender.. Uniforms of the SS: Volume 3: SS-Verfügungstruppe. London: Windrow & Greene.. Berlin at War. New York: Basic Books.. • Montague, Patrick (2012). Chelmno and the Holocaust: The History of Hitler's First Death Camp. • Motadel, David (2014). Islam and Nazi Germany's War. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.. • Mühlenberg, Jutta (2011). (PDF) (in German). Hamburg: VerlagsgesmbH.. • Müller, Rolf-Dieter (2012). The Unknown Eastern Front: The Wehrmacht and Hitler’s Foreign Soldiers. New York: I.B. A War To Be Won: Fighting the Second World War. Harvard University Press.. • (2001) [1990]. Himmler: Reichsführer-SS. London: Cassel & Co.. • Parker, Danny S. Fatal Crossroads: The Untold Story of the Malmédy Massacre at the Battle of the Bulge. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo.. • Pieper, Henning (2015). Fegelein's Horsemen and Genocidal Warfare: The SS Cavalry Brigade in the Soviet Union. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.. • Piper, Franciszek (1994). 'Gas Chambers and Crematoria'. In Gutman, Yisrael; Berenbaum, Michael. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. Mengele: The Complete Story. New York: McGraw-Hill.. The Master Plan: Himmler's Scholars and the Holocaust. London: Fourth Estate.. • Proctor, Robert (1988). Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.. The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle. New York; London: Norton.. The SS: Alibi of a Nation, 1922–1945. New York: Da Capo Press.. • Rempel, Gerhard (1989). Hitler's Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.. • Reynolds, Michael Frank (1997). Steel Inferno: I SS Panzer Corps in Normandy: The Story of the 1st and 12th SS Panzer Divisions in the 1944 Normandy Campaign. Steelhurst: Spellmount.. Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust. New York: Vintage.. Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.. Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.. • Schwarz, Gudrun (1997). 'Frauen in der SS: Sippenverband und Frauenkorps'. In Kristen Heinsohn; Barbara Vogel; Ulrike Weckel, eds. Zwischen Karriere und Verfolgung: Handlungsräume von Frauen im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland (in German). Frankfurt and New York: Campus Verlag.. CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list () • Seaton, Albert (1971). The Russo-German War, 1941–45. New York: Praeger Publishers.. Simon Wiesenthal: The Life and Legends. New York: Schocken Books.. Into That Darkness: From Mercy Killings to Mass Murder. New York: Vintage.. New York: Simon & Schuster.. • (1994) [1976]. Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Da Capo Press.. Hitler and Nazi Germany: A History. New York: Prentice Hall.. • Stackelberg, Roderick (2002). Hitler's Germany: Origins, Interpretations, Legacies. London; New York: Taylor & Francis.. • Stackelberg, Roderick (2007). The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany. New York: Routledge.. • Stein, George H. The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–1945. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.. • Steinbacher, Sybille (2005) [2004]. Auschwitz: A History. Munich: Verlag C. • Stockert, Peter (1997). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2 [ The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2] (in German). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick.. Shattered Genius: The Decline and Fall of the German General Staff in World War II. Philadelphia: Casemate.. • Streim, Alfred (1989). 'The Tasks of the SS Einsatzgruppen, pages 436–454'. The Nazi Holocaust, Part 3, The 'Final Solution': The Implementation of Mass Murder, Volume 2. Westpoint, CT: Meckler.. • Sydnor, Charles (1977). Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933–1945. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.. 'The Dynamics of Destruction'. In; Wachsmann, Nikolaus. Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany: The New Histories. New York: Routledge.. • Wachsmann, Nikolaus (2015). KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.. The SS: A New History. London: Little, Brown.. • Weale, Adrian (2012). Army of Evil: A History of the SS. New York: Caliber Printing.. A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.. • Whitmarsh, Andrew (2009). D-Day in Photographs. Stroud: History Press.. • Williams, Max (2001). Reinhard Heydrich: The Biography (Vol. Church Stretton: Ulric.. • (1997) [1952]. The Struggle For Europe. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions.. •; Burn, Jeffrey (1992). The Waffen-SS. London: Osprey.. The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.. • Yenne, Bill (2010). Hitler's Master of the Dark Arts: Himmler's Black Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS. Minneapolis: Zenith.. • Yerger, Mark C. Allgemeine-SS: The Commands, Units, and Leaders of the General SS. Atglen, PA: Schiffer.. • Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991). The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. New York: MacMillan.. • Ziegler, Herbert (2014). Nazi Germany's New Aristocracy: The SS Leadership, 1925–1939. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.. Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East. Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History – US Army.. Further reading. • Browder, George C. Foundations of the Nazi Police State: The Formation of Sipo and SD. Lexington: University of Kentucky.. The Gestapo and German Society: Enforcing Racial Policy, 1933–1945. New York: Oxford University Press.. Nazi Terror: The Gestapo, Jews, and Ordinary Germans. New York: Basic Books.. • Miller, Michael (2015). Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. San Jose, CA: Bender.. Soldiers of Evil: The Commandants of the Nazi Concentration Camps. New York: McGraw Hill.. External links [ ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Has original text related to this article. RapidShare Free spring bloom free screensaver downloads. 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